中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (16): 3311-3317.doi: 10.12307/2025.427

• 组织工程骨材料 tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏原因及治疗策略

陈小光,刘福全,张德光   

  1. 北京市平谷区医院骨科,北京市   101200
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-04 接受日期:2024-04-30 出版日期:2025-06-08 发布日期:2024-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈小光,硕士,副主任医师,北京市平谷区医院骨科,北京市 101200
  • 作者简介:陈小光,男,1982年生,北京市人,汉族,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨与关节创伤和疾病方面的研究。

Cause and treatment strategy of bone cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Chen Xiaoguang, Liu Fuquan, Zhang Deguang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing 101200, China
  • Received:2024-02-04 Accepted:2024-04-30 Online:2025-06-08 Published:2024-09-02
  • Contact: Chen Xiaoguang, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing 101200, China
  • About author:Chen Xiaoguang, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing 101200, China

摘要:

文题释义:
经皮椎体成形术:是一种微创脊椎外科技术,是在影像设备引导下,通过专用穿刺装置向病变椎体中注入骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯),从而达到增加椎体强度或恢复形状、缓解疼痛及灭活肿瘤等治疗目的。
骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折:骨质疏松是一种骨骼疾病,主要表现为骨量减少和骨组织微结构破坏,导致骨脆性增加和易发生骨折。当骨质疏松发展到一定程度时,脊柱的椎体在受到轻微外力或日常活动时即可能发生骨折。

背景:随着人口老龄化的加剧,骨质疏松症的发病率逐年上升,而骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折作为其中的一种常见并发症,给患者带来了极大的痛苦和不便。经皮椎体成形术作为一种有效的治疗方法,在临床上得到了广泛应用。然而,骨水泥外漏作为该手术的一个潜在风险,一直是研究者们关注的重点。
目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏的原因及处理策略。
方法:选择2017年3月至2021年2月于北京市平谷区医院骨科行经皮椎体成形治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者100例为研究对象,根据术后12个月随访结果分为骨水泥外漏组(n=27)和无骨水泥外漏组(n=73)。Cox比例风险回归分析筛选术后骨水泥外漏的影响因素,用以构建术后骨水泥外漏风险预测列线图模型,并对模型进行评价。行骨水泥外漏治疗后,观察术前、术后3 d、术后12个月时,27例患者的目测类比评分、Oswesry功能障碍指数。
结果与结论:①27例骨水泥外漏患者中,24例均为椎间盘终板内渗漏,无明显症状及不适,无需特殊处理;1例发生肺栓塞,请呼吸科协助处理得以好转;2例有症状,行经皮椎间孔镜下骨水泥取出术;②CT值、骨折严重程度、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、骨水泥注入量是术后发生骨水泥外漏的独立影响因素(P < 0.05);③列线图模型的校准度、区分度均较好,且具有很好的临床实用性;④对于27例术后骨水泥外漏患者,术后3 d、术后12个月时,目测类比评分均显著低于术前,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);术后12个月的Oswesry功能障碍指数显著低于术后3 d,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,骨水泥注入量、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、CT值、骨折严重程度是经皮椎体成形术后发生骨水泥外漏的危险因素。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1561-231x (陈小光) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折, 骨质疏松, 经皮椎体成形术, 骨水泥外漏, 原因分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the aging of the population, the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing year by year, and osteoporotic spinal fracture, as one of the common complications, brings great pain and inconvenience to patients. As an effective treatment, percutaneous vertebroplasty has been widely used in clinical practice. However, cement leakage as a potential risk of this procedure has been the focus of researchers.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes and management strategies of cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. 
METHODS: A total of 100 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics of Beijing Pinggu District Hospital from March 2017 to February 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to the 12-month follow-up results, the patients were divided into bone cement leakage group (n=27) and non-bone cement leakage group (n=73). Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of bone cement leakage after surgery, so as to construct and evaluate the nomogram model for predicting the risk of bone cement leakage after surgery. Visual analog scale score and Oswesry dysfunction index of 27 patients were observed before surgery, 3 days and 12 months after surgery following bone cement leakage treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 27 patients with bone cement leakage, 24 patients had internal leakage of intervertebral disc endplate, no obvious symptoms or discomfort, and no special treatment. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 1 case, and the patient was treated with the help of respiratory department. Two patients with symptoms underwent percutaneous intervertebral foramen endoscopic bone cement removal. (2) CT value, fracture severity, bone cement viscosity, cortical fracture, and injection amount of bone cement were the independent influencing factors for postoperative bone cement leakage (P < 0.05). (3) The calibration degree and differentiation degree of the nomogram model were good, and it had good clinical practicability. (4) For 27 patients with external bone cement leakage after surgery, visual analog scale score at 3 days and 12 months after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Oswesry dysfunction index score at 12 months after surgery was significantly lower than that at 3 days after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (5) The results show that the amount of bone cement injection, bone cement viscosity, cortical fracture, CT value, and fracture severity are the risk factors of bone cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Key words: osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, osteoporosis, percutaneous vertebroplasty, bone cement leakage, cause analysis

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