中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 968-975.doi: 10.12307/2023.782

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

足前进角对不同年龄膝关节炎患者下肢动力学影响的系统综述和Meta分析

张泽毅1,杨亦敏1,李文彦2,张美珍1   

  1. 1太原理工大学体育学院,山西省太原市   030024;2 韩国又石大学体育学院,韩国全州市   55338
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07 接受日期:2022-12-24 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2023-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 张美珍,博士,教授,太原理工大学体育学院,山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:张泽毅,1997年生,男,山西省太原市人,汉族,2022年太原理工大学毕业,硕士,主要从事为运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    首批新文科研究与改革实践项目(2021050026),项目负责人:张美珍;山西省基础研究计划自由探索类项目(202103021224109),项目负责人:张美珍;山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-032),项目负责人:张美珍;山西省研究生教育教学改革课题(2021YJJG067),项目负责人:张美珍;太原理工大学学科建设经费(2022),项目负责人:史冬博

Effect of foot progression angle on lower extremity kinetics of knee osteoarthritis patients of different ages: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang Zeyi1, Yang Yimin1, Li Wenyan2, Zhang Meizhen1   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2College of Physical Education, Woosuk University, Jeonju 55338, South Korea
  • Received:2022-11-07 Accepted:2022-12-24 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2023-07-13
  • Contact: Zhang Meizhen, PhD, Professor, College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Zeyi, Master, College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The First Batch of New Liberal Arts Research and Reform Practice Project, No. 2021050026 (to ZMZ); Shanxi Provincial Basic Research Program (Free  Exploration Project), No. 202103021224109 (to ZMZ); Research Project Supported by Shanxi  Scholarship Council of China, No. 2020-032 (to ZMZ); 2021 Shanxi Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project, No. 2021YJJG067 (to ZMZ); Discipline Construction Funds of  Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 2022 (to SDB)

摘要:

文题释义:
膝关节骨性关节炎:是一种关节退行性病变,多见于中老年人群,在青年人口中也占有一定比重,其症状多表现为膝盖红肿、上下楼梯疼痛及坐起立行时膝部酸痛不适等,如不及时治疗,则会引起关节畸形和残疾。
足前进角:即步行时足中轴线与前进方向的夹角。

目的:膝关节内收力矩(knee adduction moment,KAM)双峰及膝关节内收角冲量(knee adduction angular impulse,KAAI)增大是膝关节骨性关节炎主要的生物力学危险因素。据调查,调整足前进角可改变膝关节骨性关节炎患者运动模式,然而足内偏、足外偏对青年、老年患者KAM和KAAI的影响未达成共识。因此文章通过Meta分析综合论述足前进角对不同人群膝关节骨性关节炎患者KAM、KAAI的影响,为治疗膝关节骨性关节炎提供借鉴。
方法:截至2022年6月,以“足前进角,膝关节内收力矩,膝关节内收角冲量,步态”为中文检索词,以“foot progression angle,knee adduction moment,knee adduction angular impulse,gait”为英文检索词在 Web of Science、Ebsco、PubMed和中国知网数据库进行检索。纳入分析足内偏、足外偏对KAM双峰和KAAI影响的自身对照和随机对照试验。运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行文献质量评价,采用Stata 15.1软件进行亚组分析确定不同足前进角对步行KAM及KAAI的影响,应用Meta回归进一步确定结局指标(KAM及KAAI)随足前进角变化的特征。
结果:①共15项自身对照试验和2项随机对照试验(455名受试者)纳入Meta分析,所纳入文献均为中、高质量文献。②Meta分析结果显示,足内偏可减小青年患者KAM第一峰值(SMD=-0.380,95%CI:-0.710至-0.060,P=0.022)和KAAI(SMD=-1.470,95%CI:-2.160至-0.770,P < 0.001),足外偏降低了青年患者KAM第二峰值(SMD=-0.720,95%CI:-1.010至-1.440,P < 0.001)。此外,足内偏减了小老年患者KAM第一峰值(SMD=-0.550,95%CI:-0.800至-0.300,P < 0.001),但有增高KAM第二峰值的作用(SMD=0.280,95%CI:-0.010-0.560,P=0.047),足外偏可降低该人群KAM第二峰值(SMD=-0.510,95%CI:-0.830至-0.190,P=0.002)。③Meta回归显示,老年患者的足外偏程度越大,KAM第二峰值越低。
结论:①足内偏降低了18-34岁的青年膝关节骨性关节炎患者的KAM第一峰值、KAAI,由于KAM、KAAI与膝关节内侧负荷、膝关节骨性关节炎发病率相关,因此足内偏步态干预可能是青年患者适合的康复策略。②足内偏增高了60岁以上老年膝关节骨性关节炎患者的KAM第二峰值,可能会加重这类人群膝关节骨性关节炎的程度,然而,该人群步行时KAM第二峰值会随足外偏程度的增大而减小,有助于降低膝关节内侧负荷,提示老年患者可以考虑在步行时采用足外偏步态。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-9238 (张泽毅);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-0928 (张美珍) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节骨性关节炎, 膝关节软组织退化, 青年患者, 老年患者, 足内偏, 足外偏, 膝关节内收力矩, 膝关节内收角冲量, 步态, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse enlargement is the main biomechanical risk factor of knee osteoarthritis. According to the survey, a change in the foot progression angle could effectively change the motion mode of patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, the impact of toe-in and toe-out on knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse in young and elderly patients did not reach a consensus. Therefore, this study comprehensively discussed the effect of foot progression angle on knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse in different populations through meta-analysis and provided a reference for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. 
METHODS: By June 2022, searches were conducted on Web of Science, Ebsco, PubMed and CNKI databases using “foot progression angle, knee adduction moment, knee adduction angular impulse, gait” as Chinese and English search terms. Self-controlled randomized controlled studies analyzing the effects of toe-in and toe-out on knee adduction moment bimodality and knee adduction angular impulse were included. The cochrane bias risk assessment tool was utilized to make a quality evaluation of the literature. Stata 15.1 software was used for subgroup analysis to determine the effect of foot progression angle on knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse. Meta-regression analysis was used to further determine characteristics of outcome indicators (knee adduction moment, knee adduction angular impulse) changing with foot progression angle.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 15 self-control trials and 2 randomized controlled trials (455 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. All of the included articles were of medium to high quality. (2) The meta-analysis results showed that the toe-in gait could reduce the first peak of knee adduction moment (SMD=-0.380, 95%CI:-0.710 to -0.060, P=0.022) and knee adduction angular impulse (SMD=-1.470, 95%CI:-2.160 to -0.770, P < 0.001) in young patients. The toe-out gait reduced the second peak of knee adduction moment (SMD=-0.720, 95%CI:-1.010 to -1.440, P < 0.001) in young patients. In addition, toe-in gait could reduce the first peak of knee adduction moment in elder patients (SMD=-0.550, 95%CI:-0.800 to -0.300, P < 0.001), but increase the second peak knee adduction moment of elderly (SMD=0.280, 95%CI:-0.010 to 0.560, P=0.047). The toe-out gait could decrease the second peak knee adduction moment in this population (SMD=-0.510, 95%CI:-0.830 to -0.190, P=0.002). (3) Meta-regression showed that the greater the toe-out in elderly patients, the lower the second peak knee adduction moment. 
CONCLUSION: (1) Toe-in reduced the first peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse in young knee osteoarthritis patients aged 18 to 34 years. Since knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse were associated with medial knee loading and knee osteoarthritis incidence, toe-in gait intervention may be a suitable rehabilitation strategy for young patients. (2) Toe-in increased the second peak of knee adduction moment in older knee osteoarthritis patients over 60 years of age, which may exacerbate knee osteoarthritis in this population. However, the second peak of knee adduction moment during walking in this population decreases as the toe-out increases, contributing to a reduction in medial knee loading, suggesting that older patients may consider using toe-out gait during walking.

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, knee soft tissue degeneration, young patient, older patient, toe-in, toe-out, knee adduction moment, knee adduction angular impulse, gait, meta-analysis

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