中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (19): 3029-3039.doi: 10.12307/2023.661

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

预处理来源外泌体在细胞增殖分化及凋亡中的作用

陈  三，杨润泽，吴家媛   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院，贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-15 接受日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2023-07-08 发布日期:2022-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 吴家媛，博士，教授，硕士生导师，遵义医科大学附属口腔医院，贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:陈三，女，1997年生，贵州省遵义市人，汉族，遵义医科大学在读硕士，主要从事口腔内科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81460102)，项目负责人：吴家媛；遵义市优秀青年科技创新人才培养项目(遵优青科[2018]8号)，项目
    负责人：吴家媛；遵义医科大学附属口腔医院口腔感染性与恶性疾病的病因与防治创新团队项目[遵义市科合HZ字(2020)293号]，项目负责人：吴家媛；贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2020-1-163)，项目负责人：吴家媛

Effects of pretreated exosomes on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis

Chen San, Yang Runze, Wu Jiayuan   

  1. Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2022-07-15 Accepted:2022-09-28 Online:2023-07-08 Published:2022-11-28
  • Contact: Wu Jiayuan, MD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Chen San, Master candidate, Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81460102 (to WJY); the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Technology Innovation of Zunyi, No. Zunyouqingke[2018]8 (to WJY); Oral Infectious and Malignant Disease Etiology and Prevention Innovation Team Project of Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, No. Zunyi Kehe HZ (2020)293 (to WJY); Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission, No. gzwjkj2020-1-163 (to WJY)

PDF

119

摘要：


文题释义：

外泌体：由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后所释放的具有双层脂质结构的膜性小泡，可以运输核酸、蛋白、载体miRNA参与细胞间信息交流，成为基因芯片、生物疫苗及抗癌药物的一种新兴“纳米工具”。
预处理来源的外泌体：指在正式进入实验流程以前，将外泌体来源供体细胞或其微环境进行预先处理或修饰，以达到对外泌体的来源供体细胞或微环境进行“改性”目的，以此方式获得的外泌体。

背景：预处理来源外泌体的生物学功能及特性目前已有大量研究且在部分疾病治疗中得到验证并取得良好的效果，提示其在组织再生及临床应用领域可能具有更广阔的前景。
目的：该综述主要阐述预处理来源外泌体的供体细胞预处理方式以及预处理因素对外泌体功能作用的影响，归纳预处理来源外泌体对细胞增殖、分化及凋亡等作用的影响和临床应用现状。
方法：检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库的相关文献，英文检索词为“pretreatment，cell factor，hypoxia，ischemia”等，并以“外泌体、小细胞外囊泡、预处理”等为中文检索词，最终纳入75篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论：①细胞来源外泌体虽然生物兼容性好、免疫原性低，但存在产量低和靶向性弱等缺点，其生物学性能高度依赖于细胞的状态、种类及培养环境等，预处理细胞及其微环境可影响所获外泌体的内容物与含量。②常见的外泌体预处理方式有细胞因子、缺氧/低氧、药物和物理干预等，不同细胞或不同预处理方式获得的外泌体可能具有不同的生物学特性。③与未预处理外泌体相比，预处理来源外泌体可调控细胞增殖与凋亡、成骨分化及血管形成等功能，其功能性质存在明显优势，可高效发挥生物学作用。④预处理来源的外泌体在组织修复和疾病治疗中发挥重要作用，已成功地应用于治疗缺血性疾病、免疫功能调节及炎症损伤性疾病等。⑤预处理作为细胞“改性”的一种有效刺激方式，在外泌体研究领域展现了突出的作用优势，不但可以应用于疾病治疗与调节，而且在组织工程再生修复方面也具有良好的应用前景，作为提高外泌体产量和生物学作用的适应性策略，其具体作用机制及功能条件有待进一步深入研究。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-0273 (陈三)；https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-1267 (吴家媛)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 预处理, 细胞, 增殖, 迁移, 分化, 凋亡, 应用

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The biological functions and characteristics of pretreated exosomes have been extensively studied and verified in the treatment of some diseases and achieved good results, suggesting that they may also have broader prospects in the field of tissue regeneration and clinical applications.
OBJECTIVE: To mainly explore the pretreatment methods of donor cells of pretreated exosomes and the influence of pretreatment factors on the function of exosomes and to summarize the effects and current status of clinical application of different pretreated exosomes on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles. The retrieval terms were “exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, pretreatment” in Chinese and “pretreatment, cell factor, hypoxia, ischemia” in English. A total of 75 articles were finally included in result analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Although the cell-derived exosomes have good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, they have some shortcomings, such as low yield and weak targeting. Their biological properties highly depend on the state, type, and culture environment of cells. Pretreatment of cells and their microenvironment can affect the contents and level of the obtained exosomes. (2) Common exosome pretreatment methods include cytokines, anoxia/hypoxia, drugs and physical intervention. The exosomes obtained by different cells or different pretreatment methods may have different biological characteristics. (3) Compared with the untreated exosomes, the pretreated exosomes can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis. Their functional properties have obvious advantages and play a biological role efficiently. (4) The pretreated exosomes play an important role in tissue repair and disease treatment, which have been successfully used in the treatment of ischemic diseases, immune function regulation, and inflammatory diseases. (5) Pretreatment, as an effective stimulus for cell “modification,” has shown outstanding advantages in the field of exosome research. It can not only be applied to disease treatment and regulation, but also has a good application prospect in tissue engineering regeneration and repair. As an adaptive strategy to improve exosome production and biological effects, its specific mechanism and functional conditions need to be further studied.

Key words: exosome, pretreatment, cell, proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, application

中图分类号: