中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 42-48.doi: 10.12307/2022.982

• 干细胞移植 stem cell transplantation • 上一篇    下一篇

外周血干细胞移植治疗重型地中海贫血的相关并发症及死亡原因分析

黄楚雯1,江  华 1,李敏清2   

  1. 广州市妇女儿童医疗中心,1血液肿瘤科,2医务部预防保健科,广东省广州市   510623
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-31 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 李敏清,硕士,副主任医师,广州市妇女儿童医疗中心医务部预防保健科,广东省广州市 510623
  • 作者简介:黄楚雯,女,1993年生,广东省中山市人,汉族,2020年广州医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事儿童血液肿瘤及造血干细胞移植研究。

Complications and death causes of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the treatment of thalassemia major

Huang Chuwen1, Jiang Hua1, Li Minqing2   

  1. 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, 2Department of Preventive Health of Ministry of Medical Affairs, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Li Minqing, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Preventive Health of Ministry of Medical Affairs, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Huang Chuwen, Master, Physician, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
造血干细胞移植:异基因造血干细胞移植仍是迄今为止被公认为能治愈重型地中海贫血的唯一方式。随着移植技术水平的提高,生存率从最初70%左右提高到目前总生存率90%左右,无地中海贫血生存率超过80%。但是异基因造血干细胞移植仍然面临着种种挑战。骨髓移植最先应用于重型地中海贫血的治疗,但目前国内许多移植中心发现外周血干细胞的治疗预后情况也可与其媲美,但移植后的并发症在一定程度上影响着预后。
移植物抗宿主病:是导致造血干细胞移植后死亡的主要原因之一。在异基因造血干细胞移植后,总体发展为Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级急性移植物抗宿主病患者的生存预后随着时间的推移而有所改善,移植相关死亡率降低,总生存率有所改善,这种改善主要见于Ⅳ级移植物抗宿主病患者。

背景:异基因造血干细胞移植是目前治疗重型地中海贫血的主要方法,但影响移植预后的危险因素尚不明确。
目的:分析重型地中海贫血患儿异基因造血干细胞移植后常见并发症分布及死亡原因,探讨预后影响因素,为提高患儿生存率提供参考。
方法:选择2013年9月至2019年9月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心血液肿瘤科诊断为重型地中海贫血并同意接受异基因造血干细胞移植的257例患者,男172例,女85例,移植时中位年龄6岁,采用单因素比较存活患者组与死亡患者组接受移植时的基本资料及移植后并发症差异,总生存率采用Kaplan-Meier法分析,总生存率比较采用Log-rank检验。采用多因素Cox回归分析影响生存的因素。
结果与结论:中位随访时间为29个月,无一例失访。①单因素分析结果显示,存活患者和死亡患者在危险度分级方面存在统计学差异(P=0.033),危险度分级高的患者移植后死亡风险增多;多因素分析结果显示,危险度分级和重症肺炎是重型地中海贫血患者造血干细胞移植后影响总生存率的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。②20例死亡患者中,重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭13例,肠道Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病2例,血小板低下致颅内出血1例,血小板低下伴急性肺出血1例,脓毒血症伴休克1例,重症肌无力1例。③17例死于移植后1年以内,3例患者因重症肺炎死于移植后1年以上。④移植后死亡患者闭塞性细支气管炎的发生率显著高于存活患者(P < 0.000 1)。⑤结果表明,感染及重度移植物抗宿主病是目前影响重型地中海贫血患者造血干细胞移植治疗后生存率的主要原因。移植后并发闭塞性细支气管炎的患者死亡风险增高。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-0917 (黄楚雯)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 重型地中海贫血, 造血干细胞移植, 感染, 移植物抗宿主病, 生存率

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only effective method to cure thalassemia major. However, the risk factors influencing the prognosis of transplantation remain unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of common complications and cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with thalassemia major, and to explore the prognostic factors so as to provide references for improving the survival rate of patients.  
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 257 patients with β-thalassemia major who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center between September 2013 and September 2019. There were 172 males and 85 females, with a median age of 6 years at the time of transplantation. The basic clinical data before transplantation and complications after transplantation were compared between the surviving group and dead group using single factor. The overall survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the overall survival rate was compared by the Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze factors affecting survival. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The median follow-up time was 29 months, and no cases were lost to follow-up. (1) Univariate analysis results showed that there were significant differences in the risk classification between surviving patients and dead patients (P=0.033). Patients with higher risk class had an increased risk of death after transplantation. Multivariate analysis showed that risk classification and severe pneumonia were independent risk factors for overall survival after thalassemia major hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P < 0.05). (2) Among 20 dead patients, there were 13 patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure, 2 patients with grade IV intestinal graft-versus-host disease, 1 patient with intracranial hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia, 1 patient with thrombocytopenia with acute pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 patient with sepsis with shock, and 1 patient with myasthenia gravis. (3) Totally 17 cases died within 1 year after transplantation, while the rest 3 patients died of severe pneumonia more than 1 year after transplantation. (4) The incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans was significantly higher in patients who died after transplantation than in those who survived (P < 0.000 1). (5) It is concluded that the important factors that affect survival rate in thalassemia major patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are infection and severe graft-versus-host disease. The risk of death increased in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans after transplantation.  

Key words: thalassemia major, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, infection, graft-versus-host disease, survival rate

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