中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 5076-5084.doi: 10.12307/2022.726

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰microRNA治疗糖尿病足的机制及应用前景

邓晓慧1,张增增2,张执华3,朱凌燕1   

  1. 1南昌大学第一附属医院内分泌科,江西省内分泌代谢病临床医学研究中心,江西省南昌市   330006;2黄石市中心医院关节外科,湖北省黄石市   435000;3南昌大学玛丽女王学院,江西省南昌市   330006
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-25 接受日期:2021-11-13 出版日期:2022-11-08 发布日期:2022-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 朱凌燕,博士,副教授,南昌大学第一附属医院内分泌科,江西省内分泌代谢病临床医学研究中心,江西省南昌市 330006
  • 作者简介:邓晓慧,女,汉族,1995年生,安徽省人,2018年湖北理工学院毕业,南昌大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82160155,81860153),项目负责人:朱凌燕;中国中西医委员会和黄科研基金(2019005),项目
    负责人:朱凌燕;江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20202ACBL216007),项目负责人:朱凌燕;南昌大学教育教学项目(NCUYJSJG-2021-068,20190054)和江西省卫健委科技项目(20203106),项目负责人:朱凌燕

Mechanism and application prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified microRNA in the treatment of diabetic foot

Deng Xiaohui1, Zhang Zengzeng2, Zhang Zhihua3, Zhu Lingyan1   

  1. 1Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; 2Department of Joint Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China; 3Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-10-25 Accepted:2021-11-13 Online:2022-11-08 Published:2022-04-25
  • Contact: Zhu Lingyan, MD, Associate professor, Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Deng Xiaohui, Master candidate, Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82160155, No. 81860153 (to ZLY); China Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Committee Hehuang Scientific Research Fund, No. 2019005 (to ZLY); Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20202ACBL216007 (to ZLY); Education and Teaching Program of Nanchang University, No. NCUYJSJG-2021-068, 20190054 (to ZLY); Science and Technology Plan of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, No. 20203106 (to ZLY)

摘要:

文题释义:
间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA:将间充质干细胞外泌体内miRNA作为靶点,对间充质干细胞外泌体进行特定 miRNA基因修饰改变间充质干细胞外泌体miRNA组成并改变其生物学特性,进而调节靶细胞的基因网络,参与受体细胞中的转录调控,诱导靶细胞功能发生改变,从而达到治疗效果。
糖尿病足:是指因糖尿病神经病变以及下肢血管病变-动脉硬化引起周围小动脉闭塞症,或皮肤微血管病变以及感染所导致的足部疼病、足部溃疡及足坏疽等病变。是住院和非创伤性下肢截肢的主要原因,与这种疾病相关的发病率和死亡率很高。

背景:糖尿病足是糖尿病最严重的并发症之一,足部并发症的治疗是糖尿病人群在医疗保健方面亟待解决的一大难题,近年来的研究显示,间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA对于促进糖尿病足的血管再生和组织修复具有巨大潜力。
目的:总结间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA在糖尿病足治疗方面的研究进展,着重探讨外泌体基因修饰miRNA在治疗糖尿病足中的作用,系统阐述间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA如何在炎性微环境中促进血管生成和组织修复的分子机制,为后期临床试验的推进奠定坚实理论基础。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science及Wiley电子期刊数据库相关文献。以“Mesenchymal stem cells,Exosomes,Gene modification,Diabetic foot,miRNA,Inflammation,Insulin resistance,Angiogenesis,Wound healing,Tissue engineering,Tissue reparation”为英文检索词,最终纳入89篇英文文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA对糖尿病足组织再生和伤口愈合有显著作用,其主要机制包括通过参与转录调控基因表达促进血管生成、加速伤口创面再上皮化、抑制凋亡和炎症反应、调节细胞再生、保护β细胞调节胰岛素抵抗等,在糖尿病足伤口愈合中起重要康复作用。②间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA可以修复胰腺组织、改善肥胖及胰岛素抵抗,通过抑制β细胞凋亡和提高胰岛素靶组织的敏感性,延缓糖尿病及其并发症的进展。③通过规律成簇的间隔短回文重复和Cas9(CRISPR-Cas9)技术对基因组靶向编辑,实现精确的基因修饰,改变miRNA生物学特性进而调控基因网络改变其在靶细胞、靶组织中的转录和翻译,达到治疗效果。④文章全面总结了不同基因位点调控外泌体miRNA实现对糖尿病足难治性创面的康复作用。⑤外泌体miRNA在作为糖尿病足治疗靶标、早期诊断、疗效评估和预后判定诊断的生物标志物中也显示出巨大的潜力。⑥寻求最佳的间充质干细胞外泌体基因修饰miRNA疗法有望成为糖尿病足治疗的新技术。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-9368 (邓晓慧) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-798X (朱凌燕) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 基因修饰, miRNA, 糖尿病足, 炎症, 胰岛素抵抗, 血管再生, 伤口愈合, 组织工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. The treatment of foot complications is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently in the medical care of diabetic people. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell exosomes genetically modified miRNA has a great potential for promoting diabetic foot’s angiogenesis and tissue repair.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA in the treatment of diabetic foot, focus on the role of exosomal gene-modified miRNA in the treatment of diabetic foot, and systematically explain the molecular mechanism of how mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair in the inflammatory microenvironment so as to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of later clinical trials.
METHODS:  PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley electronic journal databases were searched to retrieve related articles with “mesenchymal stem cells; exosomes; gene modification; diabetic foot; miRNA; inflammation; insulin resistance; angiogenesis; wound healing; tissue engineering; tissue reparation” as the English search terms. Finally, 89 English documents were included for summary.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA has a significant effect on diabetic foot tissue regeneration and wound healing. Its main mechanisms include promoting angiogenesis by participating in transcriptional regulation of gene expression, accelerating wound re-epithelialization, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, regulating cell regeneration, and protecting β cells and regulating insulin resistance, thereby playing an important role in healing diabetic foot wounds. (2) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA can repair pancreatic tissue, improve obesity and insulin resistance, and delay the progression of diabetes and its complications by inhibiting β-cell apoptosis and increasing the sensitivity of insulin target tissues. (3) Targeted editing of the genome through regular clusters of interval short palindrome repeats and Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology can achieve precise gene modification, change the biological characteristics of miRNAs, and regulate the gene network to change its transcription and translation in target cells and target tissues to achieve the therapeutic effect. (4) This article comprehensively summarizes how exosomes miRNA is regulated by different gene loci to achieve the healing effect on refractory wounds of diabetic foot. (5) Exosomes miRNA also shows a great potential as a biomarker for diabetic foot treatment targets, early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognostic diagnosis. (6) Seeking the best mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA therapy is expected to become a new technology for diabetic foot treatment.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, gene modification, miRNA, diabetic foot, inflammation, insulin resistance, angiogenesis, wound healing, tissue engineering

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