中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (34): 5553-5561.doi: 10.12307/2022.468
• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇 下一篇
杜朝政,智佳佳,王 越,王新军,袁银鹏,王宇泽
收稿日期:
2020-11-14
接受日期:
2020-12-25
出版日期:
2022-12-08
发布日期:
2022-04-16
通讯作者:
王宇泽,博士,副主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
作者简介:
杜朝政,男,1996年生,安徽省阜阳市人,汉族,山西医科大学第二医院在读硕士,医师,主要从事关节软骨修复研究。
Du Chaozheng, Zhi Jiajia, Wang Yue, Wang Xinjun, Yuan Yinpeng, Wang Yuze
Received:
2020-11-14
Accepted:
2020-12-25
Online:
2022-12-08
Published:
2022-04-16
Contact:
Wang Yuze, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
About author:
Du Chaozheng, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
摘要:
文题释义:
组织各向异性:半月板组织由内到外可分为白-白区、红-白区和红-红区3个区域,白-白区主要由纤维软骨细胞、放射状分布的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和较高浓度的蛋白聚糖组成,红-红区主要由成纤维细胞样细胞、沿半月板长轴环状分布的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和较低浓度的蛋白聚糖组成,红-白区结构组成介于两区之间。因此,半月板组织内侧具有较高的压缩模量,外侧具有较高的拉伸模量。
支架:在半月板组织工程中,支架主要发挥塑造形态、模仿半月板组织各向异性、为干细胞提供生长环境、生物因子载体和加强支架力学特性的功能。通过进行组织工程支架形态的设计以达到契合不同形状的半月板损伤,同时向损伤处持续递送干细胞和生物因子促进组织愈合。
背景:目前的手术方法不能提供半月板再生和替换的长期解决方案,但组织工程技术可以提供替代的治疗策略。
目的:就半月板损伤修复的临床策略及组织工程研究现状作一综述。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库、MEDLINE数据库、Google学术数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方医学网数据库收录的文献,英文引文检索词为“meniscus injury;tissue engineering;meta-analysis;allografts;meniscus repair;scaffold;polymers;hydrogels;polyurethane; intestinal submucosa;polycaprolactone;polylactic;self-assembly;bone marrow MSC;meniscus derived stem cells;synovium derived MSCs;adipose derived MSC;co-culture;growth factor;transforming growth factor-beta;basic fibroblast growth factor;Insulin growth factor”,中文引文检索词为“半月板;间充质干细胞;支架;生长因子;组织工程;压缩模量;拉伸模量;水凝胶;静电纺丝”,检索期限为2005-01-01/2020-10-01。
结果与结论:半月板组织工程作为半月板治疗研究的热点方向,虽然在各个方面都取得了丰富的研究成果,但均缺乏大量长期的临床试验来验证结论的准确性。生物分子作为组织工程不可或缺的工具,目前仍然需要更多的人或动物实验来确定不同生物分子准确的作用信号通路、应用的最佳浓度和组合方式及生物分子的递送方式。尽管已发现很多种具有半月板表型分化潜力的干细胞,但对于各种干细胞在组织工程中的作用仍待深入研究,最具优势或最适合半月板组织工程的干细胞种类依然颇具争议。与此同时,半月板在细胞组成、细胞外基质成分及生物力学特性上与关节软骨和椎间盘等组织相似,并且关节软骨和椎间盘的修复再生策略同样备受关注,相似领域的研究进展可以相互借鉴、相互促进。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-5506(杜朝政)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程
中图分类号:
杜朝政, 智佳佳, 王 越, 王新军, 袁银鹏, 王宇泽. 组织工程技术修复半月板损伤的替代策略[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(34): 5553-5561.
Du Chaozheng, Zhi Jiajia, Wang Yue, Wang Xinjun, Yuan Yinpeng, Wang Yuze. Alternative strategies for tissue engineering repair of meniscus injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(34): 5553-5561.
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半月板损伤作为最常见的运动损伤之一,已经随着各项体育运动的普及而逐渐引起人们的重视,在足球、篮球、网球、摔跤及长跑等运动中半月板损伤是最常见损伤之一[1-2]。半月板损伤常由于剧烈的剪切、挤压扭转和过伸运动导致,并且经常合并前交叉韧带撕裂与胫骨平台骨折[3],研究表明,半月板损伤和前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤肢体出现骨关节炎的概率是未受伤肢体的6倍[4]。近年来保留半月板结构和功能的半月板修复手术已经取代半月板部分或全部切除术,成为半月板损伤治疗的最佳选择。目前,临床常采用的半月板修复手术虽然可以解除疼痛且取得良好的短期临床效果,但对半月板组织的再生及阻止骨关节炎进展的效果不佳。2019年的一项报告显示,在过去的10年中半月板修复术、半月板切除术和非手术治疗导致骨关节炎的发生率分别为53.0%,99.3%和95.1%,全膝关节置换的发生率分别为33.5%,51.5%和45.5%[5],这些限制为生物组织工程研究提出了新的要求和挑战。在此基础上,生物组织工程在半月板再生修复及人工半月板两方面已经取得可观的进展,随着组织工程的研究和医学的发展,半月板损伤的成功治疗成为可能。
目前的手术方法不能提供半月板再生和替换的长期解决方案,但组织工程技术可以提供替代的治疗策略。半月板组织工程的目标是模仿和还原半月板组织复杂的各向异性结构及各个区域不同的细胞和生化组成,以达到同天然半月板相似的物理、生理功能。为了达到目标需要用到以下几种主要工具:支架、细胞、生物因子和生物机械刺激(图1),该文就以上4个方面目前的研究成果做一总结。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程
半月板组织工程作为半月板治疗研究的热点方向,虽然在各个方面都取得了丰富的研究成果,但各个成果均缺乏大量长期的临床试验来验证结论的准确性。生物分子作为组织工程不可或缺的工具,目前仍然需要更多的人或动物实验来确定不同生物分子准确的作用信号通路、应用的最佳浓度和组合方式及生物分子的递送方式。虽然已发现很多种具有半月板表型分化潜力的干细胞,但对于各种干细胞在组织工程中的作用仍待深入研究,最具优势或最适合半月板组织工程的干细胞种类依然颇具争议。与此同时,半月板在细胞组成、细胞外基质成分及生物力学特性上与关节软骨和椎间盘等组织相似,并且关节软骨和椎间盘的修复再生策略同样备受关注,相似领域的研究进展可以相互借鉴、相互促进。相信随着组织工程研究的迅速发展,针对个体半月板损伤的组织工程修复或者替代策略将会成为成熟并且可靠的治疗方案,这一天不会太遥远。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程
文题释义:
组织各向异性:半月板组织由内到外可分为白-白区、红-白区和红-红区3个区域,白-白区主要由纤维软骨细胞、放射状分布的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和较高浓度的蛋白聚糖组成,红-红区主要由成纤维细胞样细胞、沿半月板长轴环状分布的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和较低浓度的蛋白聚糖组成,红-白区结构组成介于两区之间。因此,半月板组织内侧具有较高的压缩模量,外侧具有较高的拉伸模量。
支架:在半月板组织工程中,支架主要发挥塑造形态、模仿半月板组织各向异性、为干细胞提供生长环境、生物因子载体和加强支架力学特性的功能。通过进行组织工程支架形态的设计以达到契合不同形状的半月板损伤,同时向损伤处持续递送干细胞和生物因子促进组织愈合。
对于半月板损伤目前临床常用治疗方法有:保守治疗、半月板部分或全部切除术、半月板修复术和同种异体半月板移植术。但以上治疗方法均无法恢复半月板本身的愈合能力和天然的组织结构。半月板组织工程则有望解决半月板损伤和缺失的问题,该文总结近年来国内外半月板组织工程研究成果,分析归纳各种组织工程策略的优势和缺点,期待能够为以后的半月板组织工程研究提供参考和方向。
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