中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (27): 4417-4422.doi: 10.12307/2022.877

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

新型纳米递送系统:工程化小细胞外囊泡

张  咪,吴赛璇,董  明,刘婷姣,牛卫东   

  1. 大连医科大学口腔医学院,辽宁省大连市  116041
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-19 接受日期:2021-05-08 出版日期:2022-09-28 发布日期:2022-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 牛卫东,博士,教授,博士生导师,大连医科大学口腔医学院牙体牙髓教研室,辽宁省大连市 116041
  • 作者简介:张咪,女,1994年生,江苏省宿迁市人,汉族,医师,大连医科大学在读硕士,主要从事牙体牙髓研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82073001),项目负责人:刘婷姣;辽宁省教育厅自然科学基础研究项目(LZ2019038),项目负责人:牛卫东

Novel nano-delivery system: engineered small extracellular vesicles

Zhang Mi, Wu Saixuan, Dong Ming, Liu Tingjiao, Niu Weidong   

  1. School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-19 Accepted:2021-05-08 Online:2022-09-28 Published:2022-03-12
  • Contact: Niu Weidong, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Mi, Master candidate, Physician, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82073001 (to LTJ); Natural Science Basic Research Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province, No. LZ2019038 (to NWD)

摘要:

文题释义:
小细胞外囊泡:是一类几乎可由各种细胞分泌的大小为30-150 nm的膜囊泡,具有典型的脂质双分子层结构,可保护内容物免受破坏,且携带核酸、蛋白质、脂质等胞内物质,是介导细胞间通讯的重要媒介,涉及抗原提呈、免疫应答等多种生物功能调节,参与多种疾病的发生发展。
纳米药物递送系统:是指利用生物医学、药学及材料学等多学科手段将治疗药物负载于粒径为1-1 000 nm的纳米粒以制备药物递送系统,利用纳米级粒子的天然特性将药物递送至特定组织或器官。

背景:小细胞外囊泡因其独特的来源、结构与生理功能,常被作为一种理想的天然内源性纳米递送系统用于药物递送。为了克服小细胞外囊泡的天然局限性,可利用多重手段对小细胞外囊泡进行工程化改造。
目的:针对工程化小细胞外囊泡作为纳米递送系统的研究现状及最新进展做一综述。
方法:应用计算机在中国知网、PubMed等数据库检索关于小细胞外囊泡工程化改造及其作为纳米药物递送系统的相关研究,检索关键词为“小细胞外囊泡、载药、药物递送”及“sEVs、Engineered exosomes、Drug Loading、Nanopartical delivery system”,检索文献时限为2011年1月至2020年8月。
结果与结论:小细胞外囊泡的工程化方法主要包括针对亲代细胞的“细胞工程”及针对分离后小细胞外囊泡的“小细胞外囊泡工程”。工程化小细胞外囊泡旨在通过表面改造或用功能配体修饰实现将内外源性分子、药物、蛋白质或核酸负载到小细胞外囊泡表面或腔内,或实现将小细胞外囊泡靶向特定类型的细胞或组织,从多角度多方面改善小细胞外囊泡的递送性能,在促进小细胞外囊泡临床应用上具有显著意义。工程化小细胞外囊泡逐渐成为癌症治疗、免疫疗法、再生医学等重要领域的一项研究前景广泛的重要治疗手段。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-3268(张咪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 小细胞外囊泡, 纳米粒, 药物递送系统, 载药, 工程化小细胞外囊泡, 工程化, 靶向, 药物负载

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Small extracellular vesicles are often used as an ideal natural endogenous nano-delivery system for drug delivery due to their unique source, structure and physiological function. To overcome the natural limitations of small extracellular vesicles, multiple methods can be used to engineer small extracellular vesicles. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and latest progress of engineered small extracellular vesicles as nano-delivery systems. 
METHODS: The computer was used to search the related research of engineered small extracellular vesicle and its use as a nano-drug delivery system in databases such as CNKI and PubMed. Chinese key words were “small extracellular vesicles, drug loading, drug delivery”. English key words were “sEVs, engineering exosomes, drug loading, nanopartical delivery system”. The search time limit was from January 2011 to August 2020.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The engineering methods of small extracellular vesicles mainly include “cell engineering” for parental cells and “small extracellular vesicle engineering” for small extracellular vesicles isolated. Engineered small extracellular vesicle aims to achieve the loading of endogenous and exogenous molecules, drugs, proteins or nucleic acids on the surface or cavity of small extracellular vesicles through surface modification or modification with functional ligands, or to target small extracellular vesicles to the specific types of cells or tissues, improving the delivery performance of small extracellular vesicles from multiple angles and aspects. It has a significant significance in promoting the clinical application of small extracellular vesicles. Engineered small extracellular vesicles have gradually become an important treatment method with broad research prospects in important fields such as cancer treatment, immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. 

Key words: small extracellular vesicles, nanoparticles, drug delivery system, drug loading, engineered small extracellular vesicles, engineering, targeting, drug loading

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