中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1395-1401.doi: 10.12307/2022.435

• 脊柱植入物Spinal implants • 上一篇    下一篇

三维体积法定量评价单开门颈椎管成形与保守治疗突出椎间盘的体积变化

鲁  攀1,张春霖1,王永魁1,严  旭1,董  超1,岳义森2,李  龙1,朱安迪1   

  1. 1郑州大学第一附属医院骨科,河南省郑州市   450000;2河南科技大学护理学院,河南省洛阳市   471003
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-03-24 接受日期:2021-07-03 出版日期:2022-03-28 发布日期:2021-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 张春霖,博士,教授,主任医师,郑州大学第一附属医院骨科,河南省郑州市 450000
  • 作者简介:鲁攀,男,1995年生,陕西省安康市人,汉族,郑州大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱微创外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81802128),项目负责人:王永魁

Volume changes of cervical herniated discs after open-door laminoplasty and conservative treatment as assessed by three-dimensional volume method

Lu Pan1, Zhang Chunlin1, Wang Yongkui1, Yan Xu1, Dong Chao1, Yue Yisen2, Li Long1, Zhu Andi1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; 2School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-03-24 Accepted:2021-07-03 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2021-12-10
  • Contact: Zhang Chunlin, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Lu Pan, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81802128 (to WYK)

摘要:

文题释义:
三维体积法:应用PACS软件在MRI矢状位T2图像上,以上位椎体后下缘及下位椎体后上缘连线为内边界,突出物的边缘作为外边界,即该层面突出椎间盘的面积,测量每个突出层面的面积,使用公式计算突出颈椎间盘体积:突出颈椎间盘体积=(层间距+层厚)×∑每一层突出颈椎间盘面积。
单开门颈椎管成形治疗:是一种椎板成形手术,将椎板一侧或双侧切开,使椎板向后外侧移位、椎管容积扩大,适用于颈椎管狭窄、多节段的颈椎间盘突出、连续型的后纵韧带骨化等。

背景:单开门颈椎管成形治疗是目前最为常用的一种颈椎后路减压手术,其术后突出颈椎间盘体积变化一直是人们关注的热点问题。有个案报道治疗后突出颈椎间盘会发生再吸收现象,但这些观察多为定性研究,尚未见三维体积法定量观察治疗后突出颈椎间盘体积变化的报道。
目的:对比分析单开门颈椎管成形和保守治疗后突出颈椎间盘体积变化。
方法:回顾性研究收集2014-2020年在郑州大学第一附属医院骨科接受单开门颈椎管成形治疗61例患者和接受保守治疗63例患者的病历资料。使用三维体积法测量两组患者治疗前首次及治疗后末次随访时突出颈椎间盘体积,对测量结果进行一致性检验,并分析其变化。所有患者2次测量至少间隔3个月以上,使用突出颈椎间盘的吸收比和吸收率、再突出比和再突出率等指标作为测量结果。当突出颈椎间盘吸收率大于5.00%(或再突出率小于-5.00%)认为发生吸收(或再突出)。
结果与结论:①单开门颈椎管成形治疗组患者突出颈椎间盘体积变化:61例患者共有176个突出颈椎间盘,其中96个突出颈椎间盘出现吸收,吸收比54.6%(96/176),吸收率5.0%-55.2%;另有46个椎间盘再突出,再突出比26.1%(46/176),再突出率-5.9%至-77.9%;其他34个椎间盘体积无变化;按Odom评价标准:优17例,良28例,优良率为73.8%(45/61)。②保守治疗组患者突出颈椎间盘体积变化:63例患者共有171个突出颈椎间盘,其中55个突出颈椎间盘出现吸收,吸收比32.2%(55/171),吸收率5.3%-50.7%;另有83个椎间盘再突出,再突出比48.5%(83/171),再突出率-5.4%至-219.8%;其他33个椎间盘体积无变化;按Odom评价标准:优12例,良21例,优良率为52.4%(33/63)。③三维体积法测量突出颈椎间盘的可靠性高(ICC=0.818)。单开门颈椎管成形治疗组有6例患者所有突出颈椎间盘均表现为不同程度再突出;有13例患者均表现为突出颈椎间盘再吸收;有6例患者表现为体积不变;剩下36例患者表现为3者并存现象;保守治疗组有32例患者所有突出颈椎间盘均表现为不同程度再突出;有5例患者均表现为突出颈椎间盘再吸收;有7例患者表现为体积不变;剩下19例患者表现为3者并存现象。④结果表明,三维体积法是一种精准可靠的单开门颈椎管成形治疗后突出颈椎间盘体积变化观察方法。单开门颈椎管成形治疗后突出颈椎间盘半数呈现易被忽略的轻度缩小,少数呈现可能导致症状继续加重的中重度再突出,表明单开门颈椎管成形治疗后存在突出颈椎间盘再突出的风险,有待进一步改进提高。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-4485 (张春霖) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 三维体积法, 突出椎间盘再吸收, 单开门颈椎管成形术, 保守治疗, 定量观察

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Open-door laminoplasty is the most commonly used posterior cervical decompression surgery. The volume change of cervical herniated disc has always been a hot topic. It has been reported the phenomenon of resorption of herniated nucleus pulposus after open-door laminoplasty. However, most of these observations are qualitative studies. There is no literature on the quantitative observation of postoperative cervical herniated disc volume by three-dimensional volume method.  
OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the changes of cervical herniated disc volume after open-door laminoplasty and conservative treatment.
METHODS:  The data of 61 patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty and 63 patients who received conservative treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2020 were collected retrospectively. Three-dimensional volume method was used to measure the cervical herniated disc volume of the two groups at the first time before treatment and the last follow-up after treatment. The consistency of the measurement results was tested and the changes were analyzed. The interval between two measurements of all patients was at least 3 months. The absorption ratio and absorption rate, re-protrusion ratio and re-protrusion rate of cervical herniated disc were used as the measurement results. When the absorption rate of herniated cervical intervertebral disc was greater than 5.00% (or the re-protrusion rate was less than -5.00%), it is considered that the cervical herniated disc experienced absorption (or re-herniation).  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Changes in cervical herniated disc volume in the open-door group: There were 176 cervical herniated discs in 61 patients. Among them, 96 cervical herniated discs were absorbed; the absorption ratio was 54.6% (96/176), and the absorption rate was 5.0%-55.2%. In addition, 46 cervical herniated discs were re-protruded; the ratio of re-protrusion was 26.1% (46/176), and the re-protrusion rate was -5.9% to -77.9%. There was no change in the volume of the other 34 cervical herniated discs. According to the Odom criteria, the results were excellent in 17 cases and good in 28 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 73.8% (45/61). (2) Changes in cervical herniated disc volume in the conservative treatment group: There were 171 cervical herniated discs in 63 patients. Among them, 55 cervical herniated discs were absorbed; the absorption ratio was 32.2% (55/171), and the absorption rate was 5.3%-50.7%. Another 83 cervical herniated discs were re-protruded, with a re-protrusion ratio of 48.5% (83/171), and a re-protrusion rate of -5.4% to  -219.8%. There was no change in the volume of the other 33 cervical herniated discs. According to the Odom criteria, the results were excellent in 12 cases and good in 21 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 52.4% (33/63). (3) Three-dimensional volume measurement was an accurate method to observe cervical herniated disc (ICC=0.818). In the open-door group, 6 patients showed varying degrees of re-protrusion of all cervical herniated discs; 13 patients showed resorption of herniated nucleus pulposus; 6 patients showed volume unchanged, and the remaining 36 patients showed the coexistence of those three phenomena. In the conservative treatment group, 32 patients showed varying degrees of re-protrusion in all cervical herniated discs; 5 patients showed resorption of herniated nucleus pulposus; and 7 patients showed volume unchanged, the remaining 19 patients showed the coexistence of the three phenomena. (4) It is concluded that three-dimensional volume method is an accurate and reliable method to observe the changes of cervical herniated disc volume after open-door laminoplasty. Half of the cervical herniated disc after open-door laminoplasty showed slight reduction, which was easy to be ignored, and a few showed moderate and severe re-protrusion, which may lead to further progression of symptoms, indicating that open-door laminoplasty is an effective surgical intervention, but there is a risk of cervical herniated disc re-protrusion, which needs to be further improved.

Key words: three-dimensional volume measurement method, resorption of herniated nucleus pulposus, open-door laminoplasty, conservative treatment, quantitative observation

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