中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (18): 2895-2901.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3831

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

人工膝关节试验机的研究现状与临床应用

刘加蕙,张忠玖,郏殿祥,翟澳庆,牛广云,姜海波   

  1. 江苏师范大学机电工程学院,江苏省徐州市   221100
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-11 修回日期:2020-05-18 接受日期:2020-08-29 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 姜海波,博士,副教授,江苏师范大学机电工程学院,江苏省徐州市 221100
  • 作者简介:刘加蕙,女,1999年生,江苏省盐城市人,汉族,在读本科生。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省高等学校大学生实践创新训练计划项目(201910320154Y) ,项目负责人:张忠玖,刘加蕙

Research status and clinical application of artificial knee joint testing machine

Liu Jiahui, Zhang Zhongjiu, Jia Dianxiang, Zhai Aoqing, Niu Guangyun, Jiang Haibo   

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221100, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-05-18 Accepted:2020-08-29 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-01-12
  • Contact: Jiang Haibo, PhD, Associate professor, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221100, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jiahui, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221100, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Practice and Innovation Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province, No. 201910320154Y (to LJH)

摘要:

文题释义:
膝关节:由股骨下端、胫骨上端和髋骨等组成,是连接大小腿的重要滑车关节,也是运动量最大、人体内最复杂的关节。由于膝关节退行性病变、创伤、过度劳累等原因常常发生膝关节炎,影响人们正常的出行和生活,为此研究和开发能够代替膝关节的人工关节对膝关节炎的治疗尤为重要。
摩擦学特性:两物体相互接触并做相对运动或有相对运动趋势就形成了摩擦,物体在摩擦过程中所产生的力学特性、材料的耐磨性和耐热性等称为摩擦学特性。由于运动量巨大,人工假体移入人体后会和多表面形成摩擦,造成其表面脱落,形成颗粒,进而引起骨质疏松等问题。因而,关节假体在置换手术之前需要经过试验机检验其摩擦学特性。

背景:膝关节试验机研究能完善膝关节假体性能,为临床置换手术提供保障并提高手术成功率。
目的:对国内外膝关节试验机的研究现状进行分析,探究现阶段试验机的不足之处及今后膝关节试验机的研究方向。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、ScienceDirect 等国内外数据库,检索中、英文关键词为“膝关节置换,关节试验机,knee testing machine等”。
结果与结论:国内膝关节试验机研究水平不高,试验机大多采用国外进口的方式,国内学者对膝关节试验机的研究还停留在能够模拟出膝关节假体在人体中的运动状况,并且仅是运动状况上的模拟,而国外研究已经进入较深层次。在磨损试验标准上,由于国内研究起步晚尚缺乏适合亚洲人运动情况的试验标准,在对日常机械运动量化中存在不足。结合实验需要和人体特点,膝关节试验机的研究应当在测试环境的拟真度、假体几何外形的相似度、牵连运动的影响度等几个方面增加研究力度。

关键词: 骨, 假体, 膝关节, 摩擦学特性, 力学特性, 模拟试验机, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee joint testing machine research can improve the performance of knee joint prosthesis, provide guarantee for clinical replacement surgery, and increase the success rate of surgery.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of research on knee joint testing machine at home and abroad, explore the shortcomings of the testing machine at present and the research direction of knee testing machine in the future.
METHODS: The computer searched CNKI, Wanfang, ScienceDirect and other domestic and foreign databases. The Chinese and English keywords were “knee replacement, joint testing machine, knee testing machine”.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The research level of domestic knee joint testing machines is not high, and most of the testing machines are imported from abroad. The research of domestic scholars on knee testing machine is still in the ability to simulate the motion condition of knee prosthesis in human body, and it is only the simulation of motion condition, while the foreign research has entered a deeper level. In terms of wear test standards, due to the late start of domestic research, there is still a lack of test standards suitable for Asian sports, and there are deficiencies in the quantification of daily mechanical movements. Combining the needs of real experiments and the characteristics of the human body, the research of the knee testing machine should increase research efforts in several aspects such as the fidelity of the test environment, the similarity of the geometric shape of the prosthesis, and the influence of the involved motion.

Key words: bone, prosthesis, knee joint, tribological properties, mechanical properties, simulation testing machine, review

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