中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (36): 5755-5763.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2917

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元评估尖顶距与股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定术后稳定性的影响

乔  文,吕  欣,刘晋元,张  经,李园园,孔令宝   

  1. 山西医科大学附属第二医院骨科,山西省太原市  030000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-16 修回日期:2020-03-20 接受日期:2020-04-18 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 吕欣,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:乔文,男,1992年生,山西省保德县人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤方面的研究。

Effect of tip-apex distance and calcar referenced tip-apex distance on the stability of intertrochanteric fractures treated with cephalomedullary nailing assessed by the finite element method

Qiao Wen, Lü Xin, Liu Jinyuan, Zhang Jing, Li Yuanyuan, Kong Lingbao   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-16 Revised:2020-03-20 Accepted:2020-04-18 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-10-27
  • Contact: Lü Xin, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Qiao Wen, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

尖顶距是指术后即刻的正、侧位X射线片上拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离之和,并校正放大率后所得值,以毫米为单位。目前较为主流的观点是尖顶距值≤25 mm可有效减少拉力螺钉切出股骨头的可能性。

股距尖顶距:股距尖顶距是在尖顶距的基础上提出的。正位片上,于内侧皮质做一条平行于股骨颈中轴线的切线,该线与股骨头关节面的交点至螺钉尖端的距离即为正位片上的股距尖顶距;侧位片上,为拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离;将正、侧位片上的股距尖顶距相加再予以校正后得到股距尖顶距的值。股距尖顶距更强调正位片上偏下的螺钉位置。

背景:尖顶距被广泛应用于预测拉力螺钉切出的可能性,但是一些临床研究发现在正位片上当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏下的位置时更稳定,于是为了更准确评估拉力螺钉位置, 提出了股距尖顶距的概念,但是其应用价值还需要进一步验证。

目的:利用尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准公式,将拉力螺钉放入股骨头内不同的区域,应用有限元方法对模型的稳定性进行评估并对比。

方法利用CT影像数据建立左股骨有限元模型,用3D扫描加建模建立捷迈解剖型髓内钉内置物有限元模型,按照尖顶距1520253035 mm将拉力螺钉分别放入股骨头内中间区域和前上、前下、后上、后下5个对应的象限,建立24个内固定模型。同时计算当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中间时对应的股距尖顶距,将拉力螺钉放入后上、后下、前上、前下4个象限,建立16个股距尖顶距模型。然后给模型垂直向下的力,比较以尖顶距和股距尖顶距为标准建立的有限元模型的稳定性。

结果与结论①以尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉,当拉力螺钉位于前上象限,尖顶距为35 mm时,股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小,为0.008 205 5 mm,当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限,尖顶距为20 mm时,股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大,为0.023 524 0 mm。以股距尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉,当拉力螺钉位于前上象限,股距尖顶距为37.886 mm时,股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小,为0.008 794 1 mm,当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限,股距尖顶距为25.256 mm时,股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大,为0.023 183 2 mm。②将拉力螺钉按照尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准放入股骨头内,拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后上方时,股骨骨折近端的最大主应力增高明显,平均值分别为82.339 479.118 8 MPa;拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后下方时,股骨骨折近端的平均最大主应力值减小,分别为49.535 949.642 8 MPa。提示:在评估尖顶距和股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定模型稳定性的影响时,股距尖顶距并未较尖顶距表现出明显优势;股骨骨折近端的稳定性受到拉力螺钉位置的影响更大,当拉力螺钉位于股骨头下后象限时,稳定性最好。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7707-3553(乔文)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: ">骨, 内固定, 尖顶距, 股距尖顶距, 有限元分析, 股骨转子间骨折, 稳定性, 拉力

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Tip-apex distance is widely used to predict lag screw cut-out. However, some clinical studies found that lag screw is more stable when it is positioned in the infero-central zone of femoral head in the frontal plane, so in order to find more appropriate position of lag screw, calcar referenced tip-apex distance was proposed. However, the application value of calcar referenced tip-apex distance needs more verification.

OBJECTIVE: According to the standard formula of tip-apex distance and calcar referenced tip-apex distance, lag screw is put into different quadrants of femoral head. The finite element method was used to assess and compare the stability of the models.

METHODS: A left femur finite element model was established using the data of computed tomography scan. The finite element model of Zimmer Natural Nail was established via 3D scanner and modeling. The lag screw was inserted into five different areas of the femoral head (posterior-superior, anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, posterior-inferior and central) according to tip-apex distance (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mm), so 24 internal fixation models were established. The calcar referenced tip-apex distance was calculated when lag screw was put into central area. Sixteen models of calcar referenced tip-apex distance were established when the lag screw was put into posterior-superior, anterior-superior, anterior-inferior and posterior-inferior quadrants of the femoral head. Thereafter, each finite element model was given a vertical downward force to compare the stability of the femoral head of the model established by the standards of tip-apex distance and calcar referenced tip-apex distance.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Putting the lag screw into the femoral head according to the standard formula of tip-apex distance, the maximum axial displacement of the femoral head relative to the model without lag screw was 0.008 205 5 mm when the lag screw was located in the anterior-superior position of femoral head and the tip-apex distance was 35 mm. When the lag screw was located in the posterior-inferior position of the femoral head and the tip-apex distance was 20 mm. The difference value of maximum axial displacement relative to the model without lag screw was maximum 0.023 524 0 mm. Putting the lag screw into the femoral head according to the standard formula of calcar referenced tip-apex distance, the maximum axial displacement of the femoral head relative to the model without lag screw was minimum 0.008 794 1 mm when the lag screw was located in the anterior-superior position of femoral head and the calcar referenced tip-apex distance was 37.886 mm. When the lag screw was located in the posterior-inferior position of the femoral head and the calcar referenced tip-apex distance was 25.256 mm, the difference value of maximum axial displacement relative to the model without lag screw was maximum 0.023 183 2 mm. (2) Higher maximum principal stress was found in the posterior-inferior quadrant of femoral head. The average value was 82.339 4 MPa when the lag screws were put into the femoral head according to the standard formula of tip-apex distance and 79.118 8 MPa when the lag screws were put into the femoral head according to the standard formula of calcar referenced tip-apex distance. When lag screws were located in the posterior-inferior quadrant of the femoral head, the maximum principal stress at the proximal femur decreased to 49.535 9 MPa when the lag screws were put into the femoral head according to the standard formula of tip-apex distance and 49.642 8 MPa when the lag screws were put into the femoral head according to the standard formula of calcar referenced tip-apex distance. It is concluded that the calcar referenced tip-apex distance did not show a significant advantage over the tip-apex distance as an evaluation factor of stability in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with the intramedullary nail. The stability of the proximal femur of fracture is more affected by the position of the lag screw, which is best when it is in the posterior-inferior area quadrant of the femoral head.

Key words: bone, internal fixation, tip-apex distance, calcar referenced tip-apex distance, finite element analysis, intertrochanteric fracture, stability, tension

中图分类号: