中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (36): 5868-5872.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.36.022

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

长骨骨干增粗的机制及临床意义

刘振东1,周大鹏2,秦泗河3   

  1. 1丹东市解放军第230医院骨科,辽宁省丹东市  118000;2解放军沈阳军区陆军总医院创伤骨科,辽宁省沈阳市  110016;3北京市国家康复辅具中心附属康复医院,北京市  100176
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-28 出版日期:2017-12-28 发布日期:2018-01-04
  • 作者简介:刘振东,男,1965年生,辽宁省丹东市人,汉族,1997年解放军第四军医大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨折愈合的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    全军医药卫生“十五”青年基金资助课题(01Q007)

Thickening of the long bone: mechanisms and clinical implications

Liu Zhen-dong1, Zhou Da-peng2, Qin Si-he3   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, No. 230 Hospital of PLA, Dandong 118000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China; 3Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of National Rehabilitation Aids Center, Beijing 100176, China
  • Received:2017-08-28 Online:2017-12-28 Published:2018-01-04
  • About author:Liu Zhen-dong, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, No. 230 Hospital of PLA, Dandong 118000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Military Medical Health Foundation for the Youth during the Tenth Five-Year Period, No. 01Q007

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


文题释义:
骨骼增粗机制:骨骺发育主要负责骨骼的长度生长,但骨干中央部位会随着承受应力的增加而逐步增粗,骨骼增粗机制是骨骼力学适应机制的重要组成部分,主要通过外骨膜成骨的方式来完成,力学因素是骨骼增粗机制的主要调节因素。
应力-血管生成-新骨生成的偶联效应:已经证实,实验动物骨骼承受疲劳应力后的第1天,在骨膜区就有血管内皮生长因子及骨形态发生蛋白基因的高表达,几乎同时诱发血管生成与外骨膜新骨形成反应,如果使用血管生成抑制剂也将抑制新骨生成,提示应力-血管生成-新骨生成存在时间和空间的因果关系,可称为应  力-血管生成-新骨生成的偶联效应。
摘要
背景:
活体骨骼的增粗是重要的自然规律,遗传、营养以及内分泌因素都对骨骼增粗产生重要影响,但这些因素都不具备具体部位的识别能力。
目的:分析长骨骨干增粗的机制。
方法:临床案例分析结合文献复习。检索中国知网和Medline数据库,英文检索词为Bone Growth in Width, Skeletal thickening, bone thickening, periosteal apposition;中文检索词为骨骼增粗,骨干增粗,外骨膜成骨。检索到相关文献12篇并进行分析探讨。
结果与结论:①骨骼所承受的力学环境对骨骼的外形塑形发挥着部位特异性的关键作用;②长骨骨骼的直径增粗是通过外骨膜成骨来完成的,超负荷引起的应力-血管生成-骨再生的偶联效应是骨骼增粗机制的病理基础。外骨膜成骨和外骨膜骨吸收是一个持续终生的动态过程,弯曲应力是维持外骨膜成骨的最重要因素;③如果金属固定材料遮挡了骨骼弯曲应力环境达到一定程度,则可能导致骨骼吸收变细、骨折不愈合等严重后果;④临床上要求内固定材料的强度与患者的体质量以及骨骼的粗细相匹配;⑤骨髓腔是天然的低应力区,理论上髓内固定对骨骼的增粗机制影响不大。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-7545-0511(刘振东)

关键词: 组织构建, 骨组织工程, 骨骼增粗, 外骨膜成骨, 外骨膜骨吸收

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The thickening of living bone is an important natural rule, and genetic, nutritional and endocrine factors play critical roles in the bone thickening; however, these factors are site-blind.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism underlying the thickening of the long bone.
METHODS: Clinical cases and literature were analyzed. Medline and CNKI databases were retrieved using the keywords of “bone growth in width, skeletal thickening, bone thickening, periosteal apposition” in English and Chinese, respectively. Totally 12 eligible articles were included for result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanical environment of the bone plays a key role in the bone remodeling, which is a site-specific process. The thickening of the long bone is completed through the periosteal apposition, and the coupling effect of stress-angiogenesis-osteogenesis induced by overloading is the pathological basis of bone thickening. The periosteal apposition and periosteal resorption belong to a lifelong dynamic process, and the bending stress is the most important factor to maintain the periosteal osteogenesis. If the bone is shielded from bending stress to a certain extent by the metal fixators, it may lead to bone resorption and thinning, nonunion and other serious consequences. Therefore, the strength of the fixators should match the patient body mass and the thickness of the bone. The marrow cavity is a natural low stress region, so intramedullary fixation theoretically has little effect on the width growth of bone.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Skeleton, Periosteum, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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