中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (31): 4939-4944.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.31.004

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

多种康复方式对老年人工全膝关节置换后下肢运动功能的影响

陈 慧1,杜珊珊2,范丽娟1,姜 婕1,梁晓燕1,甄 平1,李旭升1,刘 军1   

  1. 解放军兰州军区总医院,1全军骨科中心关节外科,2体检中心,甘肃省兰州市 730050
  • 出版日期:2017-11-08 发布日期:2017-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 刘军,博士,主治医师,解放军兰州军区总医院全军骨科中心关节外科,甘肃省兰州市 730050
  • 作者简介:陈慧,女,1983年生,河北省安新县人,汉族,主管护师,主要从事老年关节功能重建康复研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81371513);甘肃省青年科技基金(1606RJYA300);甘肃省自然科学基金(1606RJZA208);甘肃省科技支撑计划(S04671)

Effects of combination therapy on the movement function of lower extremity after total knee arthroplasty in the elderly  

Chen Hui1, Du Shan-shan2, Fan Li-juan1, Jiang Jie1, Liang Xiao-yan1, Zhen Ping1, Li Xu-sheng1, Liu Jun1   

  1. 1Department of Joint Surgery in Orthopedics Center, 2Medical Examination Center, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
  • Online:2017-11-08 Published:2017-12-01
  • Contact: Liu Jun, M.D., Attending physician, Department of Joint Surgery in Orthopedics Center, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Chen Hui, Nurse-in-charge, Department of Joint Surgery in Orthopedics Center, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81371513; the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province, No.1606RJYA300; the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, No.1606RJZA208; the Science-Technology Support Plan of Gansu Province, No. S04671

     

摘要:

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文题释义:
生物反馈法:一般包括两方面的内容:一是让来访者学习放松训练,以便能减轻过度紧张,使身体达到一定程度的放松状态;二是当来访者学会放松后,再通过生物反馈仪,使其了解并掌握自己身体内生理功能改变的信息,进一步加强放松训练的学习,直到形成操作性条件反射,解除影响正常生理活动或病理过程的紧张状态,以恢复正常的生理功能。
肌电反馈仪:骨骼肌的活动是由中枢神经系统复杂的冲动引起的。这种冲动从脑、脊髓通过运动神经通路最终达到肌肉纤维,出现相继的肌肉收缩,当神经冲动减少后便出现肌肉松弛。伴随肌肉活动产生的电活动称为肌电。肌电常常可以通过贴附在该部皮肤表面的电极测得。肌肉的紧张程度是与肌电的高低呈比例的,因此,肌电是肌肉收缩或松弛的一个直接的生理指标。肌电反馈仪把测得的肌电放大,然后整流、集合变成声光信号,告诉被试者他的肌肉是相对的紧张或是松弛。被试者还可在声、光信号的提示下体会自己肌肉的细微变化,这些变化一般是感觉不到的。通过这种训练,可以使被试者对肌肉活动获得空前的自我控制能力,这种控制能力对于使紧张的肌肉松弛和恢复衰退肌肉的运动机能有特殊的意义。
 

摘要

背景:研究发现,肌电生物反馈康复治疗对术后患者的步行能力有明显改善作用。
目的:比较多种康复方式对老年人工全膝关节置换后患者下肢运动功能的影响。
方法:采用电脑随机分配法将153例人工全膝关节置换后患者分为常规基础康复组、肌电生物反馈康复组及联合康复组。入选患者均给予常规基础康复训练,肌电生物反馈康复组辅以股四头肌肌电生物反馈康复治疗,联合康复组则在常规康复方式基础上加用肌电生物反馈及减重平板训练。治疗8周后,对3组患者下肢运动功能、ADL能力、平衡功能、膝关节屈伸活动度、步行能力、膝关节功能HSS评分,下肢功能评分(LEFS)进行量化评估;并评估疼痛目测类比评分、静息和主动运动状态下的股四头肌积分肌电值(sEMG)、踝背伸拮抗肌协同收缩率、Fugl-Meyer量表(FMA)评分、Barthel指数(MBI)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、通用量角器及Holden步行功能分级。
结果与结论:①与治疗前、常规基础康复组及肌电生物反馈康复组比较,联合康复组治疗后目测类比评分明显降低(P < 0.01);②联合康复组中HHS评分及LEFS评分高于常规基础康复训练组及肌电生物反馈康复组 (P < 0.05);③联合康复组sEMG分值、拮抗肌协同收缩率、下肢FMA评分、MBI评分、膝关节屈伸活动度、最大步速、步长及Holden步行功能均优于其余2组(P < 0.05);④在选取的多种术后康复方式中,联合康复疗法能显著提高老年人工全膝关节置换后患者的下肢运动功能,增加下肢肌力,提高术后的康复疗效。
 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-9332-6189(陈慧)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 肌电生物反馈康复, 膝关节置换, 下肢运动功能, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Electromyographic biofeedback therapy has been reported to contribute to the functional recovery of the lower limb after arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of different rehabilitation therapies on the movement function of lower limb in elderly patients after total knee replacement.
METHODS: Totally153 patients undergoing total knee replacement were randomly divided into conventional, electromyographic biofeedback and combination groups (n=51 per group), and then subjected to the conventional rehabilitation training, electromyographic biofeedback at the quadriceps femoris, and conventional rehabilitation training, electromyographic biofeedback plus body weight supported treadmill training, respectively. At 8 weeks after treatment, the movement function of lower limbs, activities of daily living and balance abilities, range of flexion-extension of the knee joint, walking ability, Hospital for Special Surgery of the lower limbs, as well as the Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores were evaluated. Besides, the Visual Analogue Scale scores, surface electromyogram of the quadriceps femoris at rest and in activity, co-contraction ratio of antagonistic muscle when ankle dorsiflexion, Fugl-Meyer assessment, modified Barthel index, Berg Balance Scale, and Holden walking function classification were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Visual Analogue Scale scores after treatment in the combination group were significantly lower than those before treatment, in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.01). (2) The Hospital for Special Surgery and Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.05). (3) The surface electromyogram values, co-contraction ratio of antagonistic muscle, Fugl-Meyer assessment, modified Barthel index, range of flexion-extension of the knee joint, maximum step length and velocity as well as Holden walking function in the combination group were significantly superior to those in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.05). (4) These results indicate that combination therapy is able to significantly improve the movement function and muscle strength of the lower limb, and enhance the postoperative rehabilitation for the elderly after total knee arthroplasty.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Electromyography, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Recovery of Function

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