中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 456-463.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.03.024

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

膝关节置换围手术期的快速康复措施

朱诗白1,翟 洁2,蒋 超1,叶灿华1,陈 曦1,翁习生1,钱文伟1   

  1. 1中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院,北京协和医院骨科,北京市 100005;2国家癌症中心/中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院,肿瘤医院乳腺外科,北京市 100020
  • 出版日期:2017-01-28 发布日期:2017-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 钱文伟,博士,副主任医师,副教授,中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院,北京协和医院骨科,北京市 100730
  • 作者简介:朱诗白,男,1991年生,河南省开封市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、人工关节置换方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    中国医学科学院北京协和医院资助项目(81572110)

Application of “enhanced recovery after surgery” in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty

Zhu Shi-bai1, Zhai Jie2, Jiang Chao1, Ye Can-hua1, Chen Xi1, Weng Xi-sheng1, Qian Wen-wei1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100005, China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute & Hospital; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100020, China
  • Online:2017-01-28 Published:2017-03-14
  • Contact: Qian Wen-wei, M.D., Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100005, China
  • About author:Zhu Shi-bai, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100005, China
  • Supported by:

    a grant from Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 81572110

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

 

文题释义:
快速康复:在手术前、手术中和手术后采取一系列措施,减少手术应激并发症,使患者住院时间明显缩短,加速患者术后康复速度。目前是国际上推广的一种快速康复外科的理念,也成为关节外科的研究热点。
超前镇痛:已有许多研究指出其对于术后镇痛可起到优良的效果。其概念是在20世纪初由Crile提出,原意是指在伤害性刺激发生前给予镇痛治疗,阻断伤害性传入刺激到达中枢神经系统,从而减轻伤害后疼痛。但是随着对疼痛分子机制的研究进展和临床经验的积累,人们逐渐认识到超前镇痛的实质其实应该是减少有害刺激传入所导致的外周和中枢敏感化,以抑制神经元可塑性变化,并不特指“切皮前”所给予的镇痛。
 
摘要
背景:快速康复外科即加强术后康复,是指采用有循证医学证据的围手术期处理的一系列优化措施,以减少降低手术患者的生理及心理创伤刺激,从而加速患者康复。近年来,随着手术、麻醉技术的提高,其已成为骨科领域的研究热点,尤其是关节外科,并在临床当中得到了广泛的应用。
目的:综述近年来国内外膝关节置换过程中应用优化措施的临床研究。
方法:第一作者应用计算机检索1997年1月至2016年9月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库相关文章,英文检索词“Joint replacement, enhanced recovery after surgery, multi - mode analgesia, diet management, steroid hormones”;中文检索词“关节置换,快速康复,多模式镇疼,饮食管理,类固醇激素”。共检索到81篇相关文献,另外纳入1部专著。
结果与结论:①膝关节置换的围手术期由外科医生、麻醉科医生、护理人员、营养师等共同参与通过进行术前健康教育、缩短术前禁食、禁水时间,术前超前镇疼,不放置导尿管;术中采用全身麻醉及适当的收肌管阻滞镇疼、规范氨甲环酸使用;术后多模式镇疼,麻醉恢复后尽早功能锻炼,早期进水,预防恶心呕吐等快速康复方案显示关节置换后患者的住院时间已从4-12 d减少至1-3 d,并且术后并发症发生率以及再入院率等方面均无显著提高;②研究还表明,快速康复方案可适用于绝大多数膝关节置换患者,其中包括高龄、术前合并心肺疾病、2型糖尿病以及术前吸烟、饮酒等患者。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-7910-9639(钱文伟)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 快速康复, 膝关节置换, 饮食管理, 类固醇激素, 多模式镇痛

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Fast track surgery, also called enhanced recovery after surgery, is a series of optimal measures adopted during the perioperative period on the basis of evidence-based medicine, to reduce the physical and mental trauma brought to the patient and accelerate their recovery. It has become the research focus of orthopedic clinic as the surgery and anesthesia skills are improved a lot in recent years, especially the articular surgery, which has been widely used in clinics.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical study of the application of optimal measures in joint replacement surgery both at home and abroad in recent years.
METHODS: The first author searched related articles in PubMed and Chinese Journal Full-text Database from January 1997 to September 2016. The key words were “joint replacement, enhanced recovery after surgery, multi-mode analgesia, diet management, steroid hormones”. 81 articles were found at last and one monograph was included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) We found that the recovery plan reduced the hospital stays of the patients from 4-12 days to 1-3 days, including pre-operative health education, shortening fasting and water-depriving duration before surgery, super-anesthesia before surgery and do not place catheter; adopting general anesthesia and appropriate adductor canal to relieve the pain, and stopping bleeding using tranexamic acid during operation; multi-mode analgesia, faster function exercise after anesthesia recovery, and drinking water in early phase after surgery during the perioperative period of joint replacement surgery conducted by the cooperation of surgeon, anesthetist, nurse and nutritionist. There were no significant improvements of postoperative complications rate and rehospitalization rate. (2) The research found that, enhanced recovery after surgery is suitable for most of the patients receiving joint replacement surgery, including those in advanced age, combined heart and lung disease before surgery, type 2 diabetes and smoking and drinking before surgery. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Analgesia , Rehabilitation , Tissue Engineering

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