中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (17): 2443-2450.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.17.002

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

生物型自锁式人工髋关节假体的改良设计

黄伟韬1,李彩华1,蒋 托1,杨 俊2   

  1. 1佛山市顺德区中医院,广东省佛山市  528333;2解放军第四二一医院,广东省广州市   510318
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-20 出版日期:2016-04-22 发布日期:2016-04-22
  • 作者简介:黄伟韬,男,1975年生,广东省佛山市人,汉族,2008年广东医学院毕业,副主任医师,主要从事关节与运动损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2013460)

Modified design of biotype self-locking hip joint prosthesis

Huang Wei-tao1, Li Cai-hua1, Jiang Tuo1, Yang Jun2   

  1. 1Shunde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528333, Guangdong Province, China; 2the 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510318, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2016-03-20 Online:2016-04-22 Published:2016-04-22
  • About author:Huang Wei-tao, Associate chief physician, Shunde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528333, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation, No. A2013460

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
人工髋关节假体:假体设计及其材质本身、手术方法及方式、患者自身因素等均会影响假体置入后的稳定性,进而导致假体无菌性松动、塌陷、脱位甚至断裂、畸形等现象发生而导致髋关节置换后中、远期治疗失败,因此许多外国学者对髋关节假体柄的设计和研发非常关注,期望在实践中寻找到具有长期稳定性的理想的假体。
髋关节置换后应力传导模式:髂骨-髋臼假体-股骨假体头-假体柄-股骨。应力传导模式的改变将产生一系列问题:①股骨近端承受应力能力的下降,引发股骨近端适应性骨溶解,从而造成传导系统支撑力下降,假体松动下沉,股骨远端应力上升而易发生骨折。②假体承受力量过大,假体断裂。③在负重过程中,假体与骨承重界面之间产生剪切应力和扭转应力,当超出界面的承受范围,引起界面两侧相对微动,进而发生松动。
 
背景:人工髋关节假体需要满足与股骨髓腔良好的结构相容性和原骨组织的生物力学传递性。但是目前个体解剖特点的差异性和置换后局部区域的应力集中现象,直接影响术后股骨-假体柄之间的结合及力流传递、股骨重建,最终导致部分患者髋关节无菌性松动。
目的:采用有限元方法分析改良生物型自锁式髋关节假体螺钉固定的生物力学特点,为其应用于髋关节置换提供参考数据。
方法:实验设计分2组,分别为传统生物型髋关节假体及生物型自锁式髋关节假体。根据髋关节置换生物型自锁式假体有限元模型,建立28种螺钉固定方式。于Minics系统生成3D,优化假体,并进行假体设计,在Solidworks软件中与股骨重新定位及装配,完成后导入Ansys进行接触设置,Ansys分析假体-股骨-螺钉的应力及位移分布,并比较股骨及假体的应力峰值及位移峰值,分析假体置入后的生物力学稳定性。
结果与结论:①通过Ansys有限元方法分析比较股骨、传统生物型髋关节假体及生物型自锁式髋关节假体的应力和位移分布,股骨最小应力峰值为15.698 MPa,假体最小应力峰值为45.491 MPa,螺钉最小应力峰值为8.359 MPa;股骨最小位移峰值为1.125 3 mm,假体最小位移峰值为1.039 6 mm,螺钉最小位移峰值为0.566 4 mm;②与股骨及传统生物型髋关节假体比较,28种自锁式髋关节假体中,E组承受的应力最小;A-F组位移变化最小;综合应力和位移的变化情况,A-F组是最佳组合,其中股骨-假体-螺钉最大应力分别为18.936,59.494,12.382 MPa;股骨-假体-螺钉最大位移分别为1.125 3,1.039 6,0.626 3 mm;③提示A-F组应力和位移参数是28种自锁式生物型髋关节假体螺钉固定中的最佳参数组合,是研发自锁式生物型髋关节假体的推荐指标。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-8343-2826(黄伟韬)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 锁定螺钉, 髋关节, 假体, 有限元分析

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Hip prosthesis needs to meet the good structural compatibility with femoral bone marrow cavity and the biomechanical properties of the original bone tissue. However, the difference of individual anatomical characteristics and the stress concentration in the local area after replacement directly affect postoperative combination of femoral prosthesis stem, force flow transfer and femoral reconstruction, and finally result in aseptic loosening of hip joint in some patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of modified biotype self-locking hip prosthesis by the method of finite element analysis, and to provide the reference for the application of self-locking hip prosthesis in hip replacement.
METHODS: Experimental design contained traditional biotype hip joint prosthesis group and self-locking hip joint prosthesis group. In accordance with the finite element models of self-locking hip prosthesis, 28 kinds of screw fixation were established. Three-dimensional models were generated in the Minics system. After the optimization of prosthesis, prosthesis was designed. In the Solidworks software, the femur was re-positioned and set for contacting set in Ansys to analyze the stress distribution and displacement distribution of the femoral-prosthesis-screw by Ansys. We compared the peak of stress and displacement of the femur and prosthesis, and analyzed the biomechanical stability of prosthesis.

Huang Wei-tao, Associate chief physician, Shunde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528333, Guangdong Province, China
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) By using the Ansys finite element method, we analyzed the stress and displacement distribution of the femoral-prosthesis-screw. The minimum stress peak value of the femur was 15.698 MPa. The minimum stress peak value of prosthesis was 45.491 MPa. The minimum stress peak value of screw was 8.359 MPa. The minimum displacement peak value of femur was 1.125 3 mm. The minimum displacement peak value of prosthesis was 1.039 6 mm. The minimum displacement peak value of screw was 0.566 4 mm. (2) Compared with the traditional biotype hip joint prosthesis group, in 28 kinds of self-locking hip joint prostheses, the stress was minimum in the group E. The displacement was minimum in groups A-F. Regarding comprehensive stress and displacement, groups A-F were the best combination. The maximum stress of femoral-prosthesis-screw was 18.936, 59.494 and 12.382 MPa. The maximum displacement of femoral-prosthesis-screw was 1.125 3, 1.039 6 and 0.626 3 mm. (3) These findings indicated that the stress and displacement parameters of groups A-F was the best parameter combination in 28 kinds of self-locking hip joint prostheses, and it is the recommended index of researching and developing self-locking hip prosthesis.
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Prosthesis Implantation, Finite Element Analysis, Tissue Engineering