中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 949-963.doi: 10.12307/2026.523

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

基于双侧肢体控制策略视角分析肢体间不对称对运动能力的影响

金智勇1,汪宇峰2,赵滨杰3,熊敏全4,严  力2   

  1. 哈尔滨体育学院,1研究生院,2体育科学研究院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150006;3黑龙江省体育科学研究所,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150009;4爱丁堡大学,教育与体育学院,苏格兰爱丁堡  EH89YL
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16 接受日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 严力,研究员,博士生导师,哈尔滨体育学院,体育科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
  • 作者简介:金智勇,男,1992年生,吉林省延边州人,朝鲜族,哈尔滨体育学院在读博士,主要从事运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家体育总局科技创新项目(22KJCX064),项目负责人:严力

Effects of inter-limb asymmetry on athletic performance from the perspective of bilateral limb control strategy

Jin Zhiyong1, Wang Yufeng2, Zhao Binjie3, Xiong Minquan4, Yan Li2   

  1. 1Graduate School, 2Institute of Sports Science, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China; 3Heilongjiang Research Institute of Sports Science, Harbin 150009, Heilongjiang Province, China; 4Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89YL, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • Received:2024-10-16 Accepted:2024-12-19 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Yan Li, Researcher, Doctoral supervisor, Institute of Sports Science, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Jin Zhiyong, PhD candidate, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Sports Bureau Science and Technology Innovation Project, No. 22KJCX064 (to YL)

摘要:


文题释义:
肢体间不对称:指对侧肢体在形态结构、功能表现上存在的差异,通常以个体在完成特定任务时肢体间表现差异百分比量化评估不对称程度,其过度发展可能对运动能力、损伤概率造成负面影响。
肢体控制策略:指人体神经系统为有效执行特定运动任务所采用的肢体协调和调控机制,涉及肌肉激活与调节模式,最终实现精确动作控制。动作模式为其在实际运动中的具体表现形式,如肢体移动轨迹、角度变化等。

背景:肢体间不对称是人类生长发育过程中的一般现象,长期专项训练可使运动员肢体间不对称发生特异性适应。
目的:回顾了体育运动中肢体间不对称的形成原因、表现形式及对运动能力的影响,并概述了相关评估方法及干预策略。
方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed及Web of Science数据库建库至2024年9月间收录的文献,中文检索词为“不对称,对称,失衡,平衡,力量,爆发力,跳跃,跑,人体测量学,运动损伤,运动能力,运动表现”,英文检索词为“asymmetry,asymmetries,asymmetric,asymmetrical,imbalance,strength,power,force,jump,sprint,athletic performance,anthropometry,injury”。排除重复发表、内容不相关及会议文献后,最终纳入131篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:①肢体间不对称可受遗传、任务、训练、损伤、疲劳和肢体偏好等因素影响,主要表现为解剖结构、力量表现、专项任务不对称等形式;②肢体间不对称增大可导致双侧同相位对称类运动能力受损,但与双侧异相位对称类运动能力间关系尚不明确;③训练干预可有效改善肢体间不对称,且单侧训练效果优于双侧,训练方式和内容选择应符合专项需求;④为进一步厘清肢体间不对称与运动能力间的关系,建议未来研究秉承肢体间不对称的“任务特异性”理念,规范研究设计,选择敏感测试手段与指标,统一计算方式以提供更多的高质量证据,并分类制定不同专项肢体间不对称的预警阈值标准。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1146-6899(金智勇)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 双侧肢体, 失衡, 差异, 力量, 运动表现, 爆发力, 跳跃, 神经肌肉, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inter-limb asymmetry is a common phenomenon observed during human growth and development. Prolonged specialized training can lead to specific adaptations in inter-limb asymmetry among athletes.
OBJECTIVE: To review the formation causes, manifestations, and impacts of inter-limb asymmetry on sports performance, and provide an overview of the relevant assessment methods and intervention strategies.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from their inception to September 2024. The search terms included “asymmetry, asymmetries, asymmetric, asymmetrical, imbalance, strength, power, force, jump, sprint, athletic performance, anthropometry, injury” in English and Chinese. After excluding duplicate publications, irrelevant content, and conference papers, a total of 131 articles were finally included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Inter-limb asymmetry can be influenced by various factors including genetics, task demands, training regimens, injuries, fatigue, and limb preference. These factors lead to being primarily manifested in anatomical structure, strength performance, and task-specific asymmetry. (2) An increase in inter-limb asymmetry can result in impaired performance in bilateral in-phase symmetric movements. However, the relationship between increased inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral out-of-phase symmetric movements remains unclear and requires further investigation. (3) Training interventions have been shown to effectively mitigate inter-limb asymmetry, with unilateral training demonstrating superior outcomes compared with bilateral training. The choice of training methods and content should be tailored to meet the specific demands of the sport. (4) To further clarify the relationship between inter-limb asymmetry and athletic performance, it is recommended that future research adopt the concept of “task specificity” in inter-limb asymmetry. This includes standardizing study designs, selecting sensitive testing methods and indicators, unifying calculation methods to provide more high-quality evidence, and establishing categorized warning threshold standards for inter-limb asymmetry in different sports.

Key words: bilateral limbs, imbalance, difference, strength, athletic performance, power, jumping, neuromuscular, engineered tissue construction

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