中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 824-831.doi: 10.12307/2025.994

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

2型糖尿病对大鼠正畸牙移动与张力侧骨微结构参数的影响

鄢成波1，罗秋池1，樊佳兵2，顾叶婷1，邓  倩1，张军梅1   

  1. 1贵州医科大学口腔医学院，贵州省贵阳市  550001；2贵州医科大学附属口腔医院正畸二科，贵州省贵阳市  550001

  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 接受日期:2024-12-25 出版日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2025-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 张军梅，主任医师，教授，硕士生导师，贵州医科大学口腔医学院，贵州省贵阳市 550001
  • 作者简介:鄢成波，男，1996年生，贵州省遵义市人，汉族，贵州医科大学在读硕士，医师，主要从事口腔正畸学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省卫生健康委项目(gzwkj2023-61)，项目负责人：张军梅

Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement and bone microstructure parameters on the tension side in rats

Yan Chengbo1, Luo Qiuchi1, Fan Jiabing2, Gu Yeting1, Deng Qian1, Zhang Junmei1   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthodontics 2, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-14 Accepted:2024-12-25 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-15
  • Contact: Zhang Junmei, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Yan Chengbo, Master candidate, Physician, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Health and Wellness Commission Project, No. gzwkj2023-61 (to ZJM) 

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摘要：


文题释义：
正畸牙移动：是指通过矫治器对牙齿施加一定方向和大小的力，从而使牙齿在牙槽骨中发生位置改变的过程。在正畸矫治过程中，矫治力会引起牙周组织的改建，包括牙槽骨的吸收和再生、牙周膜变化等，通过合理控制正畸力可以使牙齿朝着预期的方向移动，达到矫正牙齿排列不齐、改善咬合关系等目的。
2型糖尿病：是糖尿病的主要类型之一，主要是由于机体对胰岛素的作用不敏感，同时胰岛素分泌相对不足，导致血糖升高。2型糖尿病的常见症状有多饮、多食、多尿、体质量减轻等。长期高血糖会损伤心、脑、肾、眼、神经、骨骼等多个器官和组织。

背景：正畸牙移动的生物学基础是牙周组织的重塑，2型糖尿病可导致颌骨及牙槽骨代谢改变，故推测高糖环境下牙移动特性可能发生变化。
目的：探究一个牙移动周期内2型糖尿病对大鼠正畸牙移动的影响。
方法：选用72只雄性SD大鼠，随机挑选40只高脂饲料喂养4周后腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病模型，从建模成功大鼠中挑选32只随机分为糖尿病组(n=16)和糖尿病正畸组(n=16)，其余32只大鼠随机分为对照组(n=16)和正畸组(n=16)。糖尿病正畸组、正畸组大鼠装配镍钛拉簧正畸加力装置，以50 g力近中移动单侧上颌第一磨牙，建立正畸牙移动模型。正畸后第3，7，14，21天麻醉后处死大鼠，利用Micro-CT检测大鼠第一磨牙近中移动距离及张力侧骨微结构参数变化。 
结果与结论：①正畸第3，7，14，21天，4组间牙移动距离比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；正畸第7，14，21天，4组间张力侧牙槽骨骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁分离度比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；正畸第3，14天，4组间骨小梁厚度比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；其中，糖尿病正畸组正畸第21天的张力侧牙槽骨骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度最小，牙移动距离、骨小梁分离度最大；②结果表明，2型糖尿病对大鼠正畸牙移动中张力侧骨微结构参数有不良影响，呈现骨质疏松状态。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4114-1414(鄢成波)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 正畸牙移动, 2型糖尿病, SD大鼠, Micro-CT, 骨微结构, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone remodeling is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic changes in the jaw and alveolar bone, so it is hypothesized that tooth mobility characteristics may be altered in a high-sugar environment.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in rats within one tooth movement cycle.
METHODS: Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. Forty rats were randomly chosen and fed with a high-fat diet to construct a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Thirty-two rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n=16) and a diabetic orthodontic group (n=16). The remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=16) and an orthodontic group (n=16). The rats in the orthodontic group and the diabetic orthodontic group were equipped with nickel-titanium coil spring orthodontic force application devices to move the unilateral maxillary first molars mesially with a force of 50 g. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after orthodontic treatment, and Micro-CT was used to measure the mesial displacement of the first molars and detect the changes in the bone microstructure parameters on the tension side.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the tooth movement distances among the four groups of rats on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in bone mineral density, bone volume fraction and trabecular bone separation on the tension side among the four groups on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). There were differences in the trabecular thickness among the four groups on the 3rd and 14th days of orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). The diabetic orthodontic group had the smallest tension-side alveolar bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness, and the largest tooth movement distance and trabecular separation on the 21st day of orthodontic treatment. The above results indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus adversely affects bone microstructural parameters on the tension side in orthodontic tooth movement in rats, suggesting the occurrence of an osteoporotic state.

Key words: orthodontic tooth movement, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Sprague-Dawley rats, MicroCT, bone microstructure, engineered tissue construction

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