中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9017-9023.doi: 10.12307/2026.870

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

PIEZO离子通道在神经系统疾病中的作用及分子机制

刘雨潇1，黄思璟1，耿珑玉1，高蓓瑶2，杨  光3，葛瑞东2，高  颀1   

  1. 1北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院，北京市  100091；2中日友好医院康复医学科，北京市  100029；3解放军总医院京中医疗区，北京市  100088
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 修回日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 葛瑞东，博士，副主任治疗师，中日友好医院康复医学科，北京市 100029 并列通讯作者：高颀，教授，北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院，北京市 100091
  • 作者简介:刘雨潇，女，2003年生，辽宁省铁岭市人，汉族，北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院在读硕士，主要从事肌肉骨骼康复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高水平医院临床科研业务费资助项目(2025-NHLHCRF-PY-41)，项目负责人：葛瑞东

The functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of PIEZO channels in nervous system diseases

Liu Yuxiao1, Huang Sijing1, Geng Longyu1, Gao Beiyao2, Yang Guang3, Ge Ruidong2, Gao Qi1   

  1. 1School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; 3Jingzhong Medical District of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Revised:2026-01-29 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-14
  • Contact: Ge Ruidong, PhD, Associate chief therapeutist, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • About author:Liu Yuxiao, MS candidate, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China
  • Supported by:
    National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding, No. 2025-NHLHCRF-PY-41 (to GRD) 

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摘要：



文题释义：
PIEZO离子通道：是一类位于细胞膜上的机械敏感离子通道，在脊椎动物中包括PIEZO1和PIEZO2，它是细胞用来感知和响应机械力的关键分子传感器。
神经系统疾病：是指影响大脑、脊髓、颅神经、周围神经、神经根、自主神经系统、神经肌肉接头以及肌肉本身结构或功能的一类疾病统称。

背景：近年研究表明，机械信号转导在神经系统病理过程中扮演重要角色。PIEZO离子通道作为关键的机械敏感离子通道，在感知和转导机械力信号中发挥核心作用，但在各类神经系统疾病中的具体作用和系统综述相对缺乏。
目的：探讨PIEZO1和PIEZO2离子通道在各类中枢及外周神经系统疾病中的作用及分子机制，并总结作为治疗靶点的潜力。
方法：检索2010年1月至2025年5月PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库，英文检索词为“central nervous system diseases，Central Nervous System Disorder，CNS Disease，CNS Diseases，Central Nervous System Disorders，neurodegenerative disease，Autonomic Nervous System Diseases，Brain Diseases，Central Nervous System Infections，High Pressure Neurological Syndrome，Spinal Cord Diseases，PIEZO1 Channel，PIEZO2 Channel，PIEZO Channel”；中文检索词为“神经系统疾病，中枢神经系统疾病，PIEZO1，PIEZO2，PIEZO”，采用主题词和自由词结合的方式进行检索。依据纳入排除标准筛选文献，最终纳入60篇英文文献进行系统分析，并按疾病类型分类阐述机制。
结果与结论：①PIEZO1离子通道在胶质瘤中高表达且与恶性程度及不良预后相关，钙通道通过促进肿瘤增殖及重塑微环境硬度双重机制驱动肿瘤进展；②脑出血激活了神经元PIEZO2离子通道，促进铁转运蛋白表达，增加了细胞内铁积累，诱导铁死亡，加剧了继发性脑损伤，而PIEZO1离子通道功能异常会损害脑血管完整性及血脑屏障；③创伤性脑损伤区神经元PIEZO2表达上调会促神经元死亡及促炎因子释放；④激活PIEZO1离子通道后促进大脑中液体排泄，可以缓解脑积水；⑤PIEZO1离子通道功能障碍贯穿阿尔茨海默症淀粉样β蛋白毒性、神经胶质激活、血管损伤及代谢异常；⑥PIEZO1离子通道激活后抑制髓鞘化并调控多发性硬化症的免疫反应；⑦PIEZO1离子通道会介导血流博动诱导的偏头痛特征性搏动痛；⑧眼压升高会上调PIEZO1和PIEZO2离子通道，导致视网膜神经节细胞过度兴奋及代谢应激性损伤；⑨PIEZO离子通道调控肌萎缩侧索硬化症神经元兴奋性及本体感觉和减压反射异常，且靶向PIEZO是潜在的治疗策略。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-8032(葛瑞东)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: PIEZO离子通道, 神经系统疾病, 中枢神经系统疾病, 外周神经系统疾病, 机械转导, 分子机制, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that mechanotransduction plays a critical role in the pathological processes of neurological disorders. PIEZO channels, as key mechanosensitive ion channels, serve as core mediators in sensing and transducing mechanical signals. However, a systematic review of their specific roles across various neurological diseases is relatively lacking.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles and molecular mechanisms ofPIEZO1 and PIEZO2 channels in central and peripheral nervous system diseases, and to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases from January 2010 to May 2025. English search terms were “central nervous system diseases,” “central nervous system disorder,” “cns disease,” “cns diseases,” “central nervous system disorders,” “neurodegenerative disease,” “autonomic nervous system diseases,” “brain diseases,” “central nervous system infections,” “high pressure neurological syndrome,” “spinal cord diseases,” “PIEZO1 channel,” “PIEZO2 channel,” and “PIEZO channel.” Chinese search terms included “nervous system diseases,” “central nervous system diseases,” “PIEZO1,” “PIEZO2,” and “PIEZO.” A combination of subject headings and free-text terms was employed in the search strategy. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 English-language articles were selected for systematic analysis, with mechanisms categorized by disease types.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) PIEZO1 ion channels are highly expressed in gliomas and correlate with malignancy and poor prognosis, while calcium channels drive tumor progression through dual mechanisms: promoting tumor proliferation and remodeling microenvironment stiffness. (2) Intracerebral hemorrhage activates neuronal PIEZO2 ion channels, promoting iron transporter expression and increasing intracellular iron accumulation, thereby inducing ferroptosis and exacerbating secondary brain injury. Meanwhile, dysfunction of PIEZO1 ion channels disrupts cerebral vascular integrity and the blood-brain barrier. (3) Upregulation of PIEZO2 in traumatic brain injury exacerbates neuronal death and promotes the release of inflammatory factors. (4) Activation of PIEZO1 promotes the drainage of fluid in the brain and thereby alleviates hydrocephalus. (5) PIEZO1 dysfunction underlies amyloid-β toxicity, glial activation, vascular impairment, and metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease. (6) PIEZO1 inhibits myelination and modulates immune responses in multiple sclerosis. (7) PIEZO1 mediates pulsatile pain in migraines induced by blood flow pulsations. (8) Elevated intraocular pressure upregulates PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 ion channels, leading to retinal ganglion cell hyperexcitability and metabolic stress-induced damage. (9) PIEZO ion channels regulate neuronal excitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as proprioceptive and baroreflex abnormalities, representing a potential therapeutic target.


Key words: PIEZO channels, neurological diseases, central nervous system diseases, peripheral nervous system diseases, mechanotransduction, molecular mechanisms, review

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