中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9008-9016.doi: 10.12307/2026.857
• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇 下一篇
李 瀛1,王全玉1,冯崇义2,常 顺1,杨春爱3
收稿日期:2025-10-29
修回日期:2026-01-17
出版日期:2026-12-08
发布日期:2026-04-14
通讯作者:
常顺,博士,副主任医师,云南省第一人民医院/昆明理工大学附属医院神经外科,云南省昆明市 650032
并列通讯作者:杨春爱,硕士,副主任医师,云南大学附属医院,云南省昆明市 650021
作者简介:第一作者:李瀛,男,1972年生,副主任医师,主要从事神经系统功能障碍的中西医结合诊治研究。
基金资助:
Received:2025-10-29
Revised:2026-01-17
Online:2026-12-08
Published:2026-04-14
Contact:
Chang Shun, PhD, Associate chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
About author:Li Ying, Associate chief physician, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province/Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
类器官:由干细胞在体外基质胶的3D环境培养形成的、具有自我更新和自我组织能力的细胞簇,能模拟体内器官的结构和功能。常见的细胞来源包括多能干细胞和成体干细胞。目前,科学家已成功培育出脑、肠、胃、肝、心、肺、肾、视网膜等多种类器官,主要应用于疾病建模、药物筛选与毒性测试、再生医学、发育生物学研究、个性化医疗等方面。
脑卒中:是一种由于脑血管突然破裂或因血管阻塞导致血液不能流入大脑,进而引起脑组织损伤的急性脑血管疾病。脑卒中类型主要分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中,其中缺血性脑卒中占所有脑卒中的75%。缺血性脑卒中以溶栓、神经保护剂和抗血小板药物应用等治疗手段为主,出血性脑卒中的治疗以止血、降压为主。
背景:脑类器官技术构建及在缺血性脑卒中的应用是近年新型的研究热点。啮齿动物的大脑解剖结构和功能组织与人类大脑存在明显差异,决定了它们不能完全模仿人类大脑的生理、病理和解剖特征。同时,在临床上获取患者脑组织样本存在伦理问题,因此脑类器官在缺血性脑卒中研究中的重要意义在于可替代临床脑组织和动物模型构建更贴合人脑组织的体外研究模型,在疾病机制建模和药物开发中具有重要价值。
目的:对现阶段脑类器官的区域特异性研究进行综述总结,为脑类器官在缺血性脑卒中建模和药物开发中的应用提供新的技术手段和研究策略。
方法:通过中国知网和PubMed数据库进行有关类器官及缺血性脑卒中的文献检索,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年5月,中文检索词为“缺血性脑卒中、脑卒中、类器官、缺血再灌注损伤、糖氧剥夺/复氧、前脑类器官、海马类器官、丘脑类器官、中脑类器官”,英文检索词为“ischemic stroke,stroke,organoids,oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,middle cerebral artery occlusion,forebrain organoids,hippocampal organoids,thalamic organoids,midbrain organoids”。所有检索文献为研究原著和相关综述,最终共筛选98篇文献进行分析总结。
结果与结论:①背侧前脑类器官模拟皮质神经上皮,分化成星形胶质细胞、兴奋性神经元和少突胶质细胞等神经细胞,腹侧前脑类器官模仿神经节隆起,发育为基底神经节和纹状体,表现出广泛的神经元迁移并保持γ-氨基丁酸能特性;②人诱导多能干细胞产生的海马类器官移植可与小鼠海马体神经回路功能整合,接受兴奋性输入,形成具有突触连接的神经元网格;③丘脑/下丘脑类器官模拟人类下丘脑弓状核的发育、细胞多样性并探究多巴胺能神经元特异性;④中脑类器官广泛应用于帕金森病的建模、基因编辑和药物开发的研究中;⑤糖氧剥夺可诱导脑类器官体外模拟缺血性脑卒中,进而通过凋亡、坏死性凋亡、自噬和铁死亡等死亡途径参与神经损伤;糖氧剥夺处理后的脑类器官基因表达谱发生显著变化;应用鼠尾草酸等神经保护药物或在大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠体内移植脑类器官可改善大鼠的神经功能损伤,减少梗死体积,在移植再生医学领域发挥重要作用。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2398-0189(李瀛)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
李 瀛, 王全玉, 冯崇义, 常 顺, 杨春爱. 脑类器官区域特异性在缺血性脑卒中建模和药物开发中的应用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(34): 9008-9016.





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脑类器官是主要由胚胎干细胞和人类诱导多能干细胞分化产生的一种自组织、三维、器官定向的组织模型。它的形成包括非引导和引导方案,非引导方案利用自组织和细胞间相互作用的特性来生成脑类器官。引导方案可以通过调节小分子来产生大脑区域特异性类器官。现阶段前脑类器官(包括大脑、背侧和腹侧、纹状体、神经节隆起、脉络丛、海马体、丘脑和下丘脑)、中脑和后脑(包括小脑和脑干)区域脑类器官均可以在体外产生。脑类器官主要应用在阿尔茨海默氏病、创伤性脑损伤等脑部疾病中。在缺血性脑卒中研究中的应用仅处于早期阶段。因此概括了脑类器官的细分类型和各分型在脑部疾病中研究的进展,同时主要介绍了缺血性脑卒中涉及的脑类器官研究方向,证明目前应用于缺血性脑卒中研究的脑类器官主要是非引导型和海马体类器官,在药物疗效验证、模型构建和移植再生治疗中均有涉猎,但都未进行深入探讨于研究。因此本综述为未来将不同类型的脑类器官大量应用于缺血性脑卒中的药物筛查、机制建模和再生医学的研究中提供了理论依据,为拓宽缺血性脑卒中的治疗窗口,修复卒中后梗死脑组织提供新的治疗策略。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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