中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9048-9055.doi: 10.12307/2026.824

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

机械应力调控骨关节炎的分子机制与治疗靶点

张益瑞1,顾  叶1,钱正韬1,吴泽睿1,谢  恒1,唐奕涵1,顾赢楚1,方  涛1,王秋霏1,彭育沁1,耿德春2,徐耀增2   

  1. 1苏州大学附属常熟医院常熟市第一人民医院骨科,江苏省常熟市  215500;2苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市  215006
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 修回日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 顾叶,博士,主任医师,苏州大学附属常熟医院常熟市第一人民医院骨科,江苏省常熟市 215500 通讯作者:钱正韬,硕士,主管检验师,苏州大学附属常熟医院常熟市第一人民医院骨科,江苏省常熟市 215500
  • 作者简介:张益瑞,男,2002年生,河南省安阳市人,汉族,苏州大学在读硕士,主要从事关节外科的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    常熟市科技局科技发展项目(CS202217),项目负责人:方涛;常熟市科技局科技发展项目(CY202325),项目负责人:顾赢楚;常熟市科技计划项目(CS202451),项目负责人:顾叶;常熟市卫健委科技发展计划项目(CSWS202305),项目负责人:
    顾叶;苏州市姑苏卫生人才科研项目(gsws2024062),项目负责人:顾叶

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of mechanical stress regulating osteoarthritis

Zhang Yirui1, Gu Ye1, Qian Zhengtao1, Wu Zerui1, Xie Heng1, Tang Yihan1, Gu Yingchu1, Fang Tao1, Wang Qiufei1, Peng Yuqin1, Geng Dechun2, Xu Yaozeng2    

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Revised:2025-12-31 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-15
  • Contact: Qian Zhengtao, MS, Chief laboratorian, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Yirui, MS candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China Corresponding author: Gu Ye, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu First People’s Hospital, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Development Project of Changshu Science and Technology Bureau, No. CS202217 (to FT); Science and Technology Development Project of Changshu Science and Technology Bureau, No. CY202325 (to GYC); Changshu Science and Technology Plan Project, No. CS202451 (to GY); Changshu Health Commission Science and Technology Development Plan, No. CSWS202305 (to GY); Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Research Project, No. gsws2024062 (to GY)

摘要:



文题释义:
压电型机械门控离子通道组件(Piezo):是一种以钙离子内流为主的机械门控阳离子通道蛋白,在骨关节炎的发生发展中起到关键作用。Piezo蛋白能够感知机械力(如压力、拉伸或剪切力)并将其转化为电信号或化学信号,作用于下游相应信号传导通路,最终引起疼痛并加速骨关节炎的发生发展。
骨关节炎:是一种以关节软骨进行性退变、关节边缘骨质增生和软骨下骨硬化或囊性变为主要病理特征的慢性退行性关节病,常与年龄和劳损密切相关,主要导致关节疼痛、僵硬和功能障碍。

背景:压电型机械门控离子通道组件(piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component,PIEZO)离子通道通过感知机械刺激调控钙信号,在骨关节炎的软骨退变、炎症及疼痛中发挥关键作用,或许可以成为治疗骨关节炎的重要潜在靶点。
目的:系统综述PIEZO离子通道在骨关节炎病理机制中的作用,评估它作为新型治疗靶点的可能性。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索中国知网与PubMed数据库,以“机械应力,Piezo,骨关节炎,软骨细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,滑膜细胞,免疫细胞”等为中文检索词,以“Piezo1,osteoarthritis,chondrocyte,osteoblast,osteoclast,synovial membrane,immune cell,GsMTx4”等为英文检索词,选择2000-2025年发表的文献,按照入选标准,最终纳入102篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:机械应力在关节软骨和周围组织的退行性变中起核心作用,长期的过度机械应力或不均衡负荷会引起软骨细胞的损伤、凋亡以及炎症反应,进而加速骨关节炎的进展。目前已知的机械应力感受器包括瞬时受体电位通道家族、双孔域钾通道家族、退化因子/上皮钠通道家族以及整合素家族等。PIEZO家族是在哺乳动物细胞中发现的第一组机械敏感阳离子通道孔蛋白,在人体细胞中广泛存在,通过感受周围环境压力变化控制Ca2+内流,进而影响细胞功能。PIEZO离子通道通过感知细胞膜的机械刺激调控Ca2+流入,进而影响软骨细胞、成骨功能、滑膜细胞、免疫细胞及疼痛感知等过程,通过抑制PIEZO离子通道或可成为治疗关节炎的有效方法。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6865-6661(张益瑞)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 机械应力, PIEZO, 骨关节炎, 软骨细胞, 成骨细胞, 滑膜细胞, 免疫细胞, GsMTx4, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel components (PIEZO) play a crucial role in cartilage degeneration, inflammation, and pain in osteoarthritis by sensing mechanical stimulation and regulating calcium signaling, potentially serving as an important therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the role of PIEZO ion channels in the pathological mechanisms of osteoarthritis and evaluate their potential as a novel therapeutic target.
METHODS: The first author searched CNKI and PubMed databases using Chinese keywords such as “mechanical stress, Piezo, osteoarthritis, chondrocytes, osteoblast, osteoclasts, synovial cells, immune cells,” and English keywords such as “Piezo1, osteoarthritis, chondrocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast, synovial membrane, immune cell, GsMTx4.” Articles published between 2000 and 2025 were selected, and 102 articles were ultimately included in this review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical stress plays a central role in the degenerative changes of articular cartilage and surrounding tissues. Prolonged excessive mechanical stress or uneven loading can cause chondrocyte damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. Currently known mechanoreceptors include the transient receptor potential channel family, the two-pore potassium channel family, the degenerative factor/epithelial sodium channel family, and the integrin family. The PIEZO family is the first group of mechanosensitive cation channel porins discovered in mammalian cells. Widely distributed in human cells, they control Ca2+ influx by sensing changes in environmental pressure, thus affecting cell function. PIEZO ion channels regulate Ca2+ influx by sensing mechanical stimulation of the cell membrane, thereby affecting chondrocytes, osteoblasts, synovial cells, immune cells, and pain perception. Inhibiting PIEZO ion channels may be an effective method for treating arthritis.

Key words: mechanical stress, PIEZO, osteoarthritis, chondrocyte, osteoblast, synovial cell, immune cell, GsMTx4, review

中图分类号: