中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9024-9031.doi: 10.12307/2026.814

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动调控miRNA在急性心肌梗死后心脏重构中的作用与机制

栾传凯,朱  磊   

  1. 曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省曲阜市  273100
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 朱磊,博士,教授,博士生导师,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省曲阜市 273100
  • 作者简介:栾传凯,男,1997年生,山东省潍坊市人,汉族,曲阜师范大学在读博士,主要从事运动调控及运动原理等方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省专业学位研究生教学案例库项目(SDYAL20103),项目负责人:朱磊

Role and mechanism of exercise-regulated miRNAs in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction

Luan Chuankai, Zhu Lei   

  1. College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-12-12 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-14
  • Contact: Zhu Lei, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Luan Chuankai, PhD candidate, College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Professional Postgraduate Teaching Case Database Project, No. SDYAL20103 (to ZL) 

摘要:



文题释义:
急性心肌梗死:是由于冠状动脉血流突然中断,造成心肌细胞缺血和坏死,从而引起心脏功能障碍的疾病。相关研究显示,心脏重构是急性心肌梗死患者后期恢复的主要表现,涉及心肌细胞凋亡、纤维化、血管生成障碍等病理进程。
miRNA:是长度约22个核苷酸的非编码RNA,通过与靶基因的3’非翻译区结合,调控基因的表达。miRNA在多种生理和病理进程中发挥重要作用,尤其在急性心肌梗死后心脏重构中表现出重要作用,如miR-1、miR-133a、miR-29家族等。相关研究发现,运动能够通过调节miRNA的表达,改善急性心肌梗死后的心脏功能。

背景:急性心肌梗死的病理表现主要包括心肌细胞凋亡、纤维化、血管生成障碍、钙稳态失衡及心脏肥大等。miRNA是调控基因表达的关键分子,在急性心肌梗死进展中展现出重要作用。运动能够通过调控miRNA表达来改善急性心肌梗死后心功能,但作用机制仍不完全确定。
目的:综述miRNA在急性心肌梗死病理表现中的作用,并探讨运动通过调控miRNA治疗急性心肌梗死的分子机制,为急性心肌梗死的精准治疗提供理论参考。
方法:检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方等数据库,选取2000-2025年间关于miRNA与急性心肌梗死相关病理特征(如纤维化、血管生成、钙稳态、心脏肥大)以及运动调控机制的文献。中文检索词为“急性心肌梗死,心脏重构,微小RNA,心肌细胞凋亡,心脏纤维化,血管生成,钙稳态,心脏肥大,运动”;英文检索词为“Acute Myocardial Infarction,Cardiac remodeling,MicroRNAs,Myocardial cell apoptosis,Myocardial fibrosis,Angiogenesis,Calcium homeostasis,Cardiac hypertrophy,Exercise”,最终纳入92篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:miRNA(miR-1、miR-133a、miR-21、miR-29家族)通过调控细胞凋亡、纤维化、血管生成和钙稳态等相关信号通路参与急性心肌梗死发病后的心脏重构。运动通过上调miR-126促进血管生成,上调miR-29抑制心肌纤维化,上调miR-214-3p恢复钙稳态以及上调miR-222促进心肌生理性肥大,从而改善急性心肌梗死发病后的心脏功能。运动与药物[如三氟甲氧基苯基-3-(1-丙酰哌啶-4-基)脲]或者营养物质(如维生素D3)联合应用能够调控miRNA的治疗效果。后期建议进一步研究miRNA的时空性差异及家族间差异,制定精准靶向干预方案;基于miRNA表达谱制定精准运动干预方案,结合人工智能进行疗效预测评估;探索将运动干预与基因编辑技术或者外泌体递送技术结合,以精确调控miRNA的表达,继而促进心脏修复和功能恢复。

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6471-0418(栾传凯)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 急性心肌梗死, miRNA, 心脏重构, 运动, 分子机制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathological manifestations of acute myocardial infarction primarily include cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, impaired angiogenesis, calcium dyshomeostasis, and cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play significant roles in the progression of acute myocardial infarction. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction by modulating miRNA expression, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the roles of miRNAs in the pathological features of acute myocardial infarction and discuss the molecular mechanisms through which exercise regulates miRNAs to treat acute myocardial infarction, thereby providing a theoretical reference for precise therapeutic interventions. 
METHODS: Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang, focusing on miRNAs and their association with acute myocardial infarction-related pathological features (e.g., fibrosis, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, and cardiac hypertrophy) as well as exercise-induced regulatory mechanisms. Inclusion criteria encompassed experimental studies, clinical research, and review articles. Chinese and English search terms were “acute myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling, micrornas, myocardial cell apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, cardiac hypertrophy, exercise.” Ultimately, 92 articles were included in the analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133a, miR-21, and miR-29 family) contribute to cardiac remodeling post-acute myocardial infarction by regulating signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and calcium homeostasis. Exercise upregulates miR-126 to enhance angiogenesis, miR-29 to suppress myocardial fibrosis, miR-214-3p to restore calcium homeostasis, and miR-222 to promote physiological cardiac hypertrophy, thereby improving cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. Combining exercise with pharmacological agents (e.g., trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea) or nutrients (e.g., vitamin D3) may synergistically modulate miRNA-mediated therapeutic effects. Future research should focus on spatiotemporal and familial variations among miRNAs to develop precise targeted interventions, establish personalized exercise regimens based on miRNA expression profiles combined with artificial intelligence for efficacy prediction, and explore the integration of exercise intervention with gene editing or exosome delivery technologies to precisely regulate miRNA expression, thereby promoting cardiac repair and functional recovery. 

Key words: acute myocardial infarction, miRNA, cardiac remodeling, exercise, molecular mechanism

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