中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8253-8263.doi: 10.12307/2026.337

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

突触型施万细胞促进神经肌肉接头再生和功能维持

傅振燚1,杨  逍1,何昀锴1,张雅婷1,刘佳鑫1,姚志慧2,杨俊英2,赵  耀2   

  1. 1昆明理工大学医学院,云南省昆明市   650500;2 昆明理工大学医学院解放军联勤保障部队第九二六医院烧伤整形科,云南省开远市   661600
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 接受日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 姚志慧,博士,副主任医师,昆明理工大学医学院解放军联勤保障部队第九二六医院烧伤整形科,云南省开远市 661600 共同通讯作者:杨俊英,硕士,主管技师,昆明理工大学医学院解放军联勤保障部队第九二六医院烧伤整形科,云南省开远市 661600 共同通讯作者:赵耀,主治医师,昆明理工大学医学院解放军联勤保障部队第九二六医院烧伤整形科,云南省开远市 661600
  • 作者简介:傅振燚,男,2003年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,昆明理工大学在读本科。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅基础研究专项-面上项目(202401AT070153),项目负责人:姚志慧;云南省罗高兴专家工作站(202405AF140056),项目负责人:姚志慧;联勤保障部队第九二六医院科技强院课题(926YY22XK02),项目负责人:姚志慧

Synaptic Schwann cells promote neuromuscular junction regeneration and function maintenance

Fu Zhenyi1, Yang Xiao1, He Yunkai1, Zhang Yating1, Liu Jiaxin1, Yao Zhihui2, Yang Junying2, Zhao Yao2   

  1. 1School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; 2Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, No. 926 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Forces, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan 661600, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-19 Accepted:2025-08-18 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-26
  • Contact: Yao Zhihui, PhD, Associate chief physician, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, No. 926 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Forces, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan 661600, Yunnan Province, China. Co-corresponding author: Yang Junying, MS, Technologist in charge, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, No. 926 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Forces, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan 661600, Yunnan Province, China. Co-corresponding author: Zhao Yao, Attending physician, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, No. 926 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Forces, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan 661600, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Fu Zhenyi, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Basic Research Project, No. 202401AT070153 (to YZH); Luo Gaoxing Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province, No. 202405AF140056 (to YZH); Science and Technology Strengthening Project of No. 926 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Forces, No. 926YY22XK02 (to YZH)

摘要:

文题释义:

突触型施万细胞:是一种分布在神经肌肉接头处的特化的施万细胞,具有神经再生与修复、维持和形成神经肌肉接头、参与神经-肌肉信号传递等功能。突触型施万细胞在神经肌肉接头再生过程中表现出可塑性,确保再生轴突能够重新到达神经损伤之前的突触位点,从而为神经肌肉接头的再生提供必要的支持。
神经肌肉接头:是运动神经元的轴突末梢与骨骼肌纤维之间的一种特殊突触结构,由突触前膜、突触间隙和突触后膜构成,突触前膜释放乙酰胆碱,经突触间隙与突触后膜上的乙酰胆碱受体结合,诱发肌肉收缩。神经肌肉接头正常功能的维持对于精确控制骨骼肌运动至关重要,其功能障碍可导致重症肌无力等疾病。

摘要
背景:肌肉去神经支配后发生一系列的病理生理改变导致肌肉萎缩,神经肌肉接头发生退行性改变,目前输注神经营养因子、补充烟酰胺单核苷酸、手术治疗等治疗方法效果有限。突触型施万细胞通过分泌神经营养因子和细胞外基质蛋白与相应受体结合,激活下游信号通路,促进神经肌肉接头再生和功能恢复。突触型施万细胞在生理功能方面得到深入研究,在肌萎缩侧索硬化症、老化相关肌肉功能障碍、吉兰-巴雷综合征等疾病中具有良好的治疗潜力和临床应用前景。
目的:明确突触型施万细胞在神经肌肉接头中的作用和机制,以及突触型施万细胞的目前研究现状和向临床转化存在的问题与挑战。
方法:应用计算机在PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普、Medline等数据库进行检索,英文检索词为“Synaptic Schwann cells,terminal Schwann cells,Regeneration of neuromuscular junction,NT-3 signaling pathway,BDNF signaling pathway,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,age-related muscle dysfunction,Guillain Barr é syndrome,extracellular matrix proteins”,中文检索词为“突触型施万细胞,神经肌肉接头再生,神经营养因子3信号通路,脑源性神经营养因子信号通路,肌萎缩侧索硬化症,老化相关肌肉功能障碍,吉兰-巴雷综合征,细胞外基质蛋白”,优先筛选近5年发表并且发表在影响因子>7期刊的文献,最终共纳入121篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:突触型施万细胞具有感应动作电位、调节终板电位振幅、维持神经肌肉接头等生理功能,通过激活神经营养因子3、脑源性神经营养因子、神经营养因子4、信号素3A等下游信号通路促进神经肌肉接头再生。实验证明,突触型施万细胞在肌萎缩侧索硬化症、老化相关肌肉功能障碍、吉兰-巴雷综合征等去神经肌肉疾病中具有广阔的应用潜力,有望成为未来治疗这些疾病的关键治疗靶点。但突触型施万细胞的临床应用依然存在与其它细胞相互作用机制不明、细胞获取困难、长期安全性不足等问题与挑战。

关键词: 突触型施万细胞, 神经肌肉接头再生, 神经营养因子3信号通路, 脑源性神经营养因子信号通路, 肌萎缩侧索硬化症, 老化相关肌肉功能障碍, 吉兰-巴雷综合征, 细胞外基质蛋白

Abstract: BACKGROUND: After the denervation of muscles, a series of pathological and physiological changes occur, leading to muscle atrophy and degenerative changes in the neuromuscular junction. Currently, treatment methods such as infusion of neurotrophic factors, supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide, and surgical treatment have limited therapeutic effectiveness. Synaptic Schwann cells secrete neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins that bind to corresponding receptors, activating downstream signaling pathways and promoting the regeneration and functional recovery of neuromuscular junctions. Synaptic Schwann cells have been extensively studied in terms of physiological functions and have good therapeutic potential and clinical application prospects in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related muscle dysfunction, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role and mechanism of synaptic Schwann cells in neuromuscular junctions, as well as the current research status and challenges in their clinical translation.
METHODS: A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and Medline. The search terms were “synaptic Schwann cells, terminal Schwann cells, regeneration of neuronal junction, NT-3 signaling pathway, BDNF signaling pathway, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related muscle dysfunction, Guillain-Barré syndrome, extracellular matrix proteins” in English and Chinese. Priority was given to literature published in the last 5 years and in the journals with an impact factor of > 7. A total of 121 papers were included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Synaptic Schwann cells have physiological functions such as sensing action potentials, regulating endplate potential amplitude, and maintaining neuromuscular junctions. They promote neuromuscular junction regeneration by activating downstream signaling pathways such as neurotrophin-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-4, and semaphore 3A. Experimental results have shown that synaptic Schwann cells have broad application potential in neuromuscular diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related muscle dysfunction, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and are expected to become a key therapeutic target for the future treatment of these diseases. However, the clinical application of synaptic Schwann cells still faces challenges such as unclear interaction mechanisms with other cells, difficulties in cell acquisition, and insufficient long-term safety.

Key words: synaptic Schwann cells, neuromuscular junction regeneration, neurotrophic factor-3 signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aging-related muscle dysfunction, Guillain-Barré syndrome, extracellular matrix proteins

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