中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8264-8271.doi: 10.12307/2026.853

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

工程化外泌体长链非编码RNA在骨质疏松治疗中的创新策略

张传林,吴玉怀,周海祥,刘建平,徐  茜,张丽丽,李翠娥   

  1. 昆明医科大学第六附属医院(玉溪市人民医院),云南省玉溪市  653100
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-13 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 李翠娥,硕士,副主任医师,昆明医科大学第六附属医院(玉溪市人民医院),云南省玉溪市 653100
  • 作者简介:张传林,男,1974年生,主任医师,主要从事骨质疏松及骨关节疾病发生发展的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅科技计划项目-基础研究计划-面上项目(202301AY070001-133),项目负责人:李翠娥

An innovative strategy for engineered exosomal long non-coding RNAs in treatment of osteoporosis

Zhang Chuanlin, Wu Yuhuai, Zhou Haixiang, Liu Jianping, Xu Qian, Zhang Lili, Li Cuie   

  1. Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-13 Accepted:2026-01-22 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-26
  • Contact: Li Cuie, MS, Associate chief physician, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Chuanlin, Chief physician, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Science and Technology Plan Project - Basic Research Program - General Program, No. 202301AY070001-133 (to LCE)

摘要:

文题释义:

骨质疏松:是一种多因素起源的全身性骨骼疾病,主要特征是骨矿物质密度降低、骨质量下降和骨微结构退化,导致病理性骨折风险增加。
外泌体:是纳米大小的球形囊泡,直径为30-150 nm,由脂质双分子层组成。它们由多种细胞类型分泌,充当细胞间信使,促进生物活性分子(如蛋白质、脂质和核酸)的转移。外泌体起源于腔内囊泡,由内体膜向内出芽形成,在此过程中生物活性物质被捕获并包装成管腔内的囊泡,这些腔内囊泡被包含在多囊内含体中,当多囊内含体与质膜融合时,外泌体被释放到细胞外空间。

摘要
背景:近年来,外泌体长链非编码RNA逐渐成为骨质疏松机制研究的热点,外泌体与组织工程技术相结合在骨质疏松治疗药物、蛋白及RNA等小分子物质的靶向递送中发挥重要作用。
目的:探讨外泌体治疗骨质疏松的作用机制,为骨质疏松提供新的治疗策略。
方法:检索中国知网和PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“外泌体,长链非编码RNA,骨质疏松,细胞外囊泡,工程外泌体”等,英文检索词为“Exosomes,lncRNA,osteoporosis,extracellular vesicles,engineered exosomes”等,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年7月,筛选出77篇文献进行分析总结。
结果与结论:①骨髓、脂肪及其他组织细胞来源外泌体可通过递送长链非编码RNA调控miRNA及其下游信号通路,提高成骨细胞活性,增加骨质疏松小鼠皮质骨厚度和骨小梁数量,缓解骨质疏松;②通过敲降破骨细胞中长链非编码RNA,可缓解卵巢切除小鼠骨质疏松症状,减少骨质流失;③将骨靶向肽连接修饰在外泌体表面,可在骨质疏松小鼠体内发挥骨靶向和骨生成的作用,增强外泌体治疗骨质疏松的疗效;④其他体外增强外泌体作用的修饰物还有阿仑膦酸盐、双功能肽、金涂层磁性纳米粒子和重组益生菌等,可促进骨髓间充质干细胞和内皮祖细胞的成骨分化和血管生成;⑤将特定mRNA等核酸分子封装在经骨靶向肽修饰的外泌体中可显著增加骨靶向效率,减轻骨质疏松小鼠的骨质流失;⑥通过超声将姜黄素、虫草素和17β-雌二醇等药物加载到骨靶向肽修饰的外泌体中可发挥药物和外泌体治疗骨质疏松的协同作用,表现出比未加载药物的外泌体更显著的骨质疏松修复效果。

关键词: 外泌体, 长链非编码RNA, 骨质疏松, 骨靶向肽, 细胞外囊泡, 工程外泌体, 间充质干细胞, 表面修饰

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, long non-coding RNAs in exosomes have gradually become a focus of research on the mechanism of osteoporosis. The combination of exosomes and tissue engineering technology plays a significant role in the targeted delivery of osteoporosis treatment drugs, proteins, and RNA and other small molecule substances.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of exosomes in osteoporosis so as to provide new therapeutic strategies for exosomes in the treatment of osteoporosis.
METHODS: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases were searched using Chinese keywords such as "exosomes, long non-coding RNA, osteoporosis, extracellular vesicles, engineered exosomes," and English keywords such as "exosomes, lncRNA, osteoporosis, extracellular vesicles, engineered exosomes." The search period covered the entire database history up to July 2025. Totally 77 relevant articles were selected for analysis and summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other tissue cells can regulate miRNAs and their downstream signaling pathways by delivering long non-coding RNAs, thereby promoting osteoblast activity, increasing the thickness of cortical bone and the number of trabeculae in osteoporotic mice, and alleviating osteoporosis. (2) By knocking down long non-coding RNAs in osteoclasts, the symptoms of osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice can be alleviated, and bone loss can be reduced. (3) By attaching bone-targeting peptides to the surface of exosomes, they can exert bone-targeting and bone generation effects in osteoporotic mice, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in treating osteoporosis. (4) Other in vitro modifiers that enhance the effect of exosomes include alendronate, bifunctional peptides, gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles, and recombinant probiotics, which can promote the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. (5) Exosomes encapsulating specific messenger ribonucleic acid and modified with bone-targeting peptides can significantly enhance bone-targeting efficiency and alleviate bone loss in osteoporotic mice. (6) By loading drugs such as curcumin, cordycepin, and 17β-estradiol into the exosomes modified with bone-targeting peptides through ultrasound, the synergistic effect of drugs and exosomes in treating osteoporosis can be achieved, demonstrating a more significant osteoporosis repair effect than exosomes without drug loading.

Key words: exosomes, long non-coding RNA, osteoporosis, bone-targeting peptide, extracellular vesicles, engineered exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, surface modification

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