中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 680-690.doi: 10.12307/2026.004

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

非创伤性股骨头坏死与脂质代谢的关系及治疗进展#br#

周子翔1,赵宝祥2   

  1. 1山东第二医科大学临床医学院,山东省潍坊市   261053;2山东第二医科大学附属临沂市人民医院股骨头科,山东省临沂市   276000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06 接受日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 赵宝祥,博士,副主任医师,山东第二医科大学附属临沂市人民医院股骨头科,山东省临沂市 276000
  • 作者简介:周子翔,男,2001年生,山东省胶州市人,汉族,山东第二医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节病发病机制的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省中医药科技项目面上项目(M-2022101),项目负责人:赵宝祥;山东第二医科大学2024年度附属医院科研发展基金项目(2024FYM072),项目负责人:赵宝祥

Research progress in the relationship between nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head and lipid metabolism and its treatment

Zhou Zixiang1, Zhao Baoxiang2   

  1. 1School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China 

  • Received:2024-11-06 Accepted:2025-01-09 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2025-07-05
  • Contact: Zhao Baoxiang, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Zixiang, Master candidate, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Chinese Medicine Science and Technology General Project, No. M-2022101 (to ZBX); 2024 Scientific Research and Development Foundation of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, No. 2024FYM072 (to ZBX)

摘要:

文题释义

股骨头坏死:也称股骨头缺血性坏死,是由于股骨头血供中断、骨细胞和骨髓成分发生坏死引起股骨头结构改变的疾病,可导致髋关节疼痛和功能障碍,坏死严重者甚至导致肢体残疾。
脂质代谢紊乱:指机体的血脂异常和脂蛋白代谢紊乱,通常表现为三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低等。

摘要
背景:非创伤性股骨头坏死的发病机制尚不明确,其中血脂代谢紊乱是引起非创伤性股骨头坏死的重要假说,通过调节血脂代谢来抑制股骨头坏死的进展,已成为当前治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死的重要方法。
目的:综述非创伤性股骨头坏死与脂质代谢紊乱的关系及治疗研究进展。
方法:以“股骨头坏死,非创伤性股骨头坏死,骨坏死,骨与脂质代谢,股骨头坏死与脂质,股骨头坏死机制,股骨头坏死通路,股骨头坏死治疗”为中文检索词,以“osteonecrosis of femoral head,Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head,femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis and lipid,lipid metabolism  osteonecrosis,polymorphisms  osteonecrosis of femoral head,pathway  osteonecrosis of femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、万方医学网、中华医学期刊数据库、PubMed数据库,最终纳入104篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:①股骨头坏死患者常伴随血脂异常,研究发现总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B水平升高与载脂蛋白A1水平降低是引起股骨头坏死的危险因素,并且不同诱因的股骨头坏死患者血脂水平存在差异;②激素和酒精作为非创伤性股骨头坏死的两大诱因,可以诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的成脂分化,使骨髓腔内脂肪细胞增多、脂滴聚集,最终导致股骨头坏死;③许多与脂质代谢相关的分子和脂肪因子,如脂联素、瘦素、脂质运载蛋白2等都被证实与股骨头坏死有关;④过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、Wnt/β-catenin、腺苷酸环化蛋白激酶等信号通路可以改变骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨-成脂分化潜能,从而参与股骨头坏死的发生发展;磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B、骨形态发生蛋白2等脂代谢信号通路也与股骨头坏死有关,可能通过调节脂质代谢影响股骨头坏死的进展;⑤研究发现,虫草素、三七总皂苷、骨蚀灵胶囊等中药和他汀类药物可以通过改善脂质代谢紊乱达到治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死的效果。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨头坏死, 脂质代谢, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 成骨分化, 成脂分化, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head is still unclear. Among them, the lipid metabolism disorder is an important hypothesis of the cause of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head. Regulating blood lipid metabolism to inhibit the progression of femoral head necrosis has become an important method for the treatment of nontraumatic femoral head necrosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the relationship between nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head and lipid metabolism disorder and the treatment of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS: Using “osteonecrosis of femoral head, nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head, femoral head necrosis, osteonecrosis and lipid, lipid metabolism osteonecrosis, polymorphisms osteonecrosis of femoral head, pathway osteonecrosis of femoral head, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head” as Chinese and English search terms, relevant articles were searched on CNKI, WanFang databases, Yiigle, and PubMed databases. Finally, 104 articles were included for summarization.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Patients with femoral head necrosis are often accompanied by dyslipidemia. It was found that high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high apolipoprotein B, low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low apolipoprotein were the risk factors causing necrosis of the femoral head. In patients with different triggers of femoral head necrosis, blood lipid levels are usually different. (2) Hormone and alcohol, as the two major causes of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head, can induce adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, increase the number of fat cells in the bone marrow cavity, and accumulate fat droplets, ultimately leading to necrosis of the femoral head. (3) Many adipokines and molecules related to lipid metabolism, such as adiponectin, leptin, lipid carrier protein 2, etc. have been confirmed to be related to femoral head necrosis. (4) Some signaling pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, wnt/β-catenin and adenosine activated protein kinase, can change the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and thus participate in the occurrence and development of necrosis of the femoral head. Lipid metabolism signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B and bone morphogenetic protein 2, are also related to necrosis of the femoral head, which may affect the progression of femoral head necrosis through the regulation of lipid metabolism. (5) Studies have found that cordycepin, Panax notoginseng saponins, gushiling capsule and other Chinese medicines, as well as statins can achieve the therapeutic effect on nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head by improving lipid metabolism disorder.

Key words: osteonecrosis of the femoral head, lipid metabolism, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, engineered tissue construction

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