中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7673-7679.doi: 10.12307/2026.263

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动防治2型糖尿病的新视角：细胞焦亡

赵亚男，曹立全，谭思洁   

  1. 天津体育学院，天津市体卫融合与健康促进重点实验室，天津市   301617
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 修回日期:2025-12-08 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 谭思洁，教授，博士生导师，天津体育学院，天津市体卫融合与健康促进重点实验室，天津市 301617
  • 作者简介:赵亚男，男，1999年生，山东省日照市人，汉族，天津体育学院在读硕士，主要从事体适能与健康促进方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006704)，项目参与人：谭思洁；天津市社会科学规划青年项目(TJTY16-002Q)，项目负责人：曹立全

A new perspective on exercise for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pyroptosis#br#
#br#

Zhao Yanan, Cao Liquan, Tan Sijie   

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Physical and Health Integration and Health Promotion, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-12-08 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Tan Sijie, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Physical and Health Integration and Health Promotion, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • About author:Zhao Yanan, MS candidate, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Physical and Health Integration and Health Promotion, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2020YFC2006704 (to TSJ [project participant]); the Tianjin Social Science Planning Youth Project, No. TJTY16-002Q (to CLQ)

PDF

10

摘要：


文题释义：
细胞焦亡：Pyroptosis，又称细胞炎性坏死，是一种依赖炎症小体激活的程序性细胞死亡方式，表现为细胞胀大并最终破裂，释放细胞内容物并诱发强烈的炎症反应。
低氧运动：hypoxia training，是指在氧气分压较低的高海拔自然环境或人工模拟的低氧环境中，进行急性或长期的运动训练。适度的低氧运动可通过增强机体的抗氧化能力、清除过量氧自由基，有效减轻氧化应激对组织的损伤，并促进机体耐力和适应能力的提升。

背景：细胞焦亡作为一种典型的促炎性程序性细胞死亡方式，在先天免疫过程中发挥重要作用，其过度激活则会引发机体炎症反应与疾病的发生，例如胰岛β细胞焦亡与2型糖尿病的病理生理过程密切相关。如今越来越多的研究表明，运动可以作为一种抑制胰岛β细胞焦亡、防治2型糖尿病及其并发症的有效措施，但现阶段胰岛β细胞焦亡、2型糖尿病及运动三者之间的潜在关系尚不明确。
目的：综述细胞焦亡一系列途径，及胰岛β细胞焦亡、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3炎症小体在2型糖尿病病理生理过程中的分子机制，并总结不同运动方式调控胰岛β细胞焦亡、防治2型糖尿病的效果与潜在机制，以期为防治2型糖尿病寻找新靶点及进行运动干预提供理论与实践指导。
方法：系统检索了2000年1月至2025年4月中国知网(CNKI)、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据库、谷歌学术、Web of Science、PubMed收录的相关文献，筛选与运动调控细胞焦亡防治2型糖尿病相关的高质量研究。依据明确的纳入和排除标准，对文献质量进行评估与整合，最终对纳入的57篇文献进行分析与总结。
结果与结论：①核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3炎症小体介导的细胞焦亡在2型糖尿病的发生发展中发挥重要作用；②多种运动干预，特别是有氧运动，可通过抑制核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3相关通路、减轻炎症反应，有效改善胰岛β细胞损伤，提升胰岛素敏感性；③太极拳与易筋经、抗阻运动及低氧运动亦展现出一定调控潜力。综上，运动通过多途径干预细胞焦亡，为防治2型糖尿病提供了新靶点的理论支撑和实践方向。
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8632-5116 (赵亚男) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 胰岛β细胞, 细胞焦亡, 核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3, 炎症小体, 运动, 有氧运动, 抗阻运动, 低氧运动

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death, plays a key role in innate immunity. However, its excessive activation can induce the body's inflammatory response and the development of disease, e.g., pancreatic β-cell pyroptosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies suggest that exercise may may suppress β-cell pyroptosis, thereby offering potential benefits for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the interplay among β-cell pyroptosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and exercise remain unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To review a series of ellular pyroptosis pathways and the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell pyroptosis and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the pathophysiological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to summarize the effects and potential mechanisms of different exercise modalities in regulating the pyroptosis of pancreatic β-cells and preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus, thereby providing theoretical and practical guidance for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and for the intervention of exercise. 
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in CNKI, VIP, WanFang, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant literature published from January 2000 to April 2025, to identify high-quality studies investigating exercise-regulated pyroptosis in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, based on clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 high-quality studies were included for comprehensive analysis and summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Pyroptosis mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2) Various exercise interventions, especially aerobic training, can inhibit the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 pathway, reduce inflammation, and improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. (3) Tai Chi and Yijin Jing, as well as along with resistance training and hypoxic conditioning, demonstrate potential regulatory effects. (4) Overall, exercise represents a viable therapeutic strategy for modulating pyroptosis via multiple approaches, thereby providing novel theoretical support and practical direction for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatic β-cells, pyroptosis, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, inflammasome, exercise, aerobic training,  resistance training, hypoxia training

中图分类号: