中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 6995-7001.doi: 10.12307/2026.368

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

四种克氏针钢丝固定方式治疗髌骨横行骨折的有限元分析

李永威,叶  宏   

  1. 福建医科大学附属南平第一医院,福建省南平市   353000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 接受日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 叶宏,主任医师,福建医科大学附属南平第一医院,福建省南平市 353000
  • 作者简介:李永威,男,1987年生,福建省南平市人,汉族,主治医师,主要从事骨科创伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目(2024J011602),项目负责人:李永威

Finite element analysis of four Kirschner wire fixation methods for treating patellar transverse fractures

Li Yongwei, Ye Hong   

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanping, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-16 Accepted:2025-09-03 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-04-16
  • Contact: Ye Hong, Chief physician, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanping, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Li Yongwei, Attending physician, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanping, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Fujian Natural Science Foundation, No. 2024J011602 (to LYW)

摘要:

文题释义:

髌骨横行骨折:髌骨沿横向(水平)方向发生的骨折,通常由直接暴力(如撞击、摔倒)或强烈的股四头肌收缩引起。髌骨横行骨折常见于跌倒或运动损伤,可能导致膝关节伸直功能受损,临床表现包括膝前剧烈疼痛、肿胀、活动受限及骨折处压痛,部分患者可见皮下瘀斑或骨裂隙。
有限元分析:是一种数值计算方法,用于模拟和分析复杂结构或物理系统的力学行为。有限元分析通过将连续体划分为多个小的有限单元,并利用数学模型(如偏微分方程)求解每个单元的响应,从而预测整体结构的受力、变形、应力分布等情况,被广泛应用于工程、医学、航空航天和生物力学领域,例如分析骨骼受力情况、优化人工关节设计等。

摘要
背景:克氏针张力带钢丝内固定是治疗髌骨横行骨折的首选手术方式,但面临术后不稳定、骨不连及内固定物失效等问题,因此优化内固定方法具有重要临床意义。
目的:探讨交叉克氏针放置方式对髌骨横行骨折固定效果的影响。
方法:通过人体正常下肢CT扫描数据建立髌骨模型,进一步建立髌骨横形骨折及克氏针钢丝模型,设计平行、交叉30°、交叉45°、交叉60°克氏针钢丝置入内固定模型,通过有限元分析5种工况下(膝关节中立位、屈曲5°、屈曲15°、屈曲45°和屈曲60°)的骨折面应力、骨折面位移、克氏针应力和钢丝应力。
结果与结论:4组内固定模型的骨折面应力在2.06-40.00 MPa之间,平行克氏针固定组5种工况中的骨折面应力最大,交叉30°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲15°时骨折面应力小于交叉45°、交叉60°克氏针固定组。4组内固定模型的骨折面位移在0.03-0.61 mm之间,交叉60°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°,15°时的骨折面位移最大,平行克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°时的骨折面位移最小,交叉30°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲15°时的骨折面位移最小。4组内固定模型的钢丝应力在56.80-2 511.00 MPa之间,平行克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°,15°时的钢丝应力最大,交叉30°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°,15°时的钢丝应力最小。4组内固定模型的克氏针应力在65.67-1 018.00 MPa之间,交叉60°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°时的克氏针应力最大,平行克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲15°的克氏针应力最大,交叉30°克氏针固定组膝关节屈曲5°和15°的克氏针应力最小。结果表明,30°交叉放置克氏针在骨折稳定性及内固定系统应力分布方面均表现最佳,显示出良好的生物力学优势。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: ">髌骨骨折;横行骨折;克氏针钢丝固定;生物力学;有限元分析;骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Kirschner wire and tension band internal fixation is the preferred surgical procedure for treating transverse patellar fractures, but it is often associated with postoperative instability, nonunion, and internal fixation failure. Therefore, optimizing the internal fixation method is of great clinical significance.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of crossed Kirschner wire placement on the fixation of transverse patellar fractures. 
METHODS: A patellar model was constructed using normal lower limb CT scan data. A transverse patellar fracture and Kirschner wire model was further constructed. Parallel, 30°, 45°, and 60° crossed Kirschner wire placement models were designed. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze the fracture surface stress, fracture surface displacement, Kirschner wire stress, and wire stress under five different working conditions (neutral knee position, 5° flexion, 15° flexion, 45° flexion, and 60° flexion).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fracture surface stresses in the four internal fixation models ranged from 2.06 to 40.00 MPa. The parallel Kirschner wire fixation group had the highest fracture surface stress among all five conditions. The crossed 30° Kirschner wire fixation group had lower fracture surface stress at 15° of knee flexion than the crossed 45° and crossed 60° Kirschner wire fixation groups. The fracture surface displacements in the four internal fixation models ranged from 0.03 to 0.61 mm. The crossed 60° Kirschner wire fixation group had the highest fracture surface displacement at 5° and 15° of knee flexion, the parallel Kirschner wire fixation group had the lowest fracture surface displacement at 5° of knee flexion, and the crossed 30° Kirschner wire fixation group had the lowest fracture surface displacement at 15° of knee flexion. The wire stresses in the four internal fixation models ranged from 56.80 to 2 511.00 MPa. The parallel K-wire fixation group had the highest wire stress at 5° and 15° of knee flexion, and the crossed 30° Kirschner wire fixation group had the lowest wire stress at 5° and 15° of knee flexion. The Kirschner wire stresses in the four internal fixation models ranged from 65.67 to 1 018.00 MPa. The Kirschner wire stress in the 60° crossed Kirschner wire fixation group was highest at 5° of knee flexion, the parallel Kirschner wire fixation group at 15° of knee flexion, and the 30° crossed Kirschner wire fixation group at both 5° and 15° of knee flexion. The results showed that the 30° crossed Kirschner wire placement performed best in terms of fracture stability and stress distribution within the internal fixation system, demonstrating excellent biomechanical advantages. 

Key words: patellar fracture, transverse fracture, Kirschner wire fixation, biomechanics, finite element analysis, orthopedic implant

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