中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (35): 7578-7588.doi: 10.12307/2026.526

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动防治胰岛素抵抗:Keap1/核因子E2相关因子2信号通路的作用与分子机制

刘  璇1,丁雨晴1,夏若寒2,汪献旺2,胡淑娟1   

  1. 长江大学,1教育与体育学院,2医学部,湖北省荆州市  423000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23 接受日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 胡淑娟,博士,副教授,长江大学教育与体育学院,湖北省荆州市 423000
  • 作者简介:刘璇,男,2000年生,山西省运城市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动与健康促进方面的研究。 共同第一作者:丁雨晴,女,1998年生,河南省开封市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动与健康促进方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81974115),项目负责人:夏若寒;山南市本级科技计划项目(SNSBJKJJHXM2024023),项目负责人:汪献旺;湖北省自然科学基金一般项目(JCZRYB202501311),项目负责人:胡淑娟;长江大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(Yz2023165),项目参与人:胡淑娟

Exercise prevention and treatment of insulin resistance: role and molecular mechanism of Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 signaling pathway

Liu Xuan1, Ding Yuqing1, Xia Ruohan2, Wang Xianwang2, Hu Shujuan1   

  1. 1School of Education and Physical Education, 2Department of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 423000, Hubei Province, China 
  • Received:2024-12-23 Accepted:2025-02-20 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-05-06
  • Contact: Hu Shujuan, PhD, Associate professor, School of Education and Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 423000, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Liu Xuan, Master, School of Education and Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 423000, Hubei Province, China Ding Yuqing, Master, School of Education and Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 423000, Hubei Province, China Liu Xuan and Ding Yuqing contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81974115 (to XRH); Shannan Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project, No. SNSBJKJJHXM2024023 (to WXW); Hubei Natural Science Foundation (General Program), No. JCZRYB202501311 (to HSJ); Yangtze University College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, No. Yz2023165 (to HSJ)

摘要:


文题释义:
胰岛素抵抗:是一种机体对胰岛素的敏感性降低,引起胰岛素生物学效应减弱的状态,是2型糖尿病发病的关键因素。胰岛素与其受体结合后能够激活胰岛素受体底物和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶等下游信号分子,进而促进葡萄糖转运蛋白的转位,增加葡萄糖的摄取和利用,维持血糖水平的稳定。而在胰岛素抵抗病理状态下这一信号传导过程受损,削弱了胰岛素的降糖功能,进而导致血糖水平升高。
Keap1/核因子E2相关因子2信号通路:在维持心血管疾病和慢性代谢性等疾病的细胞稳态中扮演着至关重要的角色,是近年来在细胞抗氧化应激反应中发现的关键内源性途径。在2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的病理状态下,核因子E2相关因子2信号通路能够响应炎症和氧化应激而激活,改善胰岛素信号传导,从而对抗胰岛素抵抗。

背景:运动干预在疾病预防和治疗过程中发挥着关键作用,能够有效激活核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2,Nrf2)信号通路来防治胰岛素抵抗的发生发展,但目前关于靶向Nrf2的运动治疗策略在缓解胰岛素抵抗中的潜在作用机制尚不明晰。
目的:以Nrf2、胰岛素抵抗和运动三者的关系为切入点,分析不同运动方式对Nrf2激活的机制及影响,阐明靶向Nrf2的运动治疗策略在缓解胰岛素抵抗过程中的潜在作用机制。 
方法:以“糖尿病,胰岛素,胰岛素抵抗,核因子E2相关因子2,氧化应激,铁死亡,自噬,炎症反应,运动”为中文检索词;以“Diabetes mellitus,insulin resistance,Keap1/Nrf2,oxidative stress, ferroptosis,autophagy,Inflammatory response,exercise”为英文检索词,在万方数据库、中国知网、Google Scholar和PubMed数据库中搜寻建库以来至2024年10月发表的所有研究文献,根据入选标准最终纳入核心相关文献127篇进行综述。 
结果与结论:①Keap1/Nrf2信号通路作为重要的内源性抗氧化应激通路,在胰岛素抵抗中扮演着重要角色,其激活可以增强细胞的抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激和炎症反应,改善胰岛素信号传导,从而对胰岛素抵抗起到保护作用。②多种运动方式(包括有氧运动、抗阻运动和高强度间歇运动等)均可有效激活Nrf2信号,提高抗氧化应激酶活性,增强细胞抗氧化能力,从而在一定程度上缓解了氧化应激损伤。③运动通过激活Nrf2信号通路能够上调血红素加氧酶1、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽等抗氧化酶活性,增强细胞抗氧化能力;还可以调控铁死亡途径中的关键酶和蛋白质,如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4、膜铁转运蛋白1、铁蛋白重链1等,抑制铁死亡途径,促进铁代谢平衡;增强自噬相关基因选择性自噬接头蛋白p62、自噬相关蛋白5/7的表达,提高脂质化形式的微管相关蛋白1轻链3水平,从而调节自噬过程;降低肿瘤坏死因子α、核因子κB、白细胞介素6、白细胞介素1β等促炎细胞因子活性,有效抑制炎症反应。这些综合效应有助于减轻氧化应激损伤、提高胰岛素敏感性并改善胰岛素信号传导,对改善胰岛素抵抗具有积极作用。④鉴于Keap1/Nrf2信号通路在胰岛素抵抗发病进程及治疗中发挥重要作用,靶向Keap1/Nrf2信号通路的运动治疗策略将有助于推动胰岛素抵抗“运动+药物”精准医疗的发展。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6925-1238(刘璇);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-9080(胡淑娟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: Keap1/Nrf2, 胰岛素, 胰岛素抵抗, 氧化应激, 铁代谢, 自噬, 炎症反应, 运动, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise interventions play a key role in disease prevention and treatment, which can effectively activate the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to prevent the occurrence and development of insulin resistance. However, the potential mechanism of Nrf2-targeting exercise therapy strategies in alleviating insulin resistance remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: Based on the relationship between Nrf2, insulin resistance and exercise, to analyze the mechanism and influence of different exercise modes on the activation of Nrf2, thereby elucidating the potential mechanism of Nrf2-targeting exercise therapy strategies in the process of alleviating insulin resistance.
METHODS: “Diabetes mellitus, insulin, insulin resistance, nuclear factor E2 related factor 2, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, exercise” were used as search terms in Chinese and English. WanFang Database, CNKI, Google Scholar and PubMed database were searched for relevant literature from inception to October 2024, and a total of 127 core related articles were obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, as an important endogenous antioxidant stress pathway, plays an important role in insulin resistance. Activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway can enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, improve insulin signaling, and thus protect insulin resistance. (2) A variety of exercise methods (including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise) can effectively activate Nrf2 signal, improve the activity of antioxidant kinase and enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells, so as to alleviate oxidative stress damage to a certain extent. (3) By activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, exercise can up-regulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as Heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells. In addition, it can also regulate the key enzymes and proteins in the ferroptosis pathway, such as glutathione peroxidase 4, membrane iron transport protein 1, and ferritin heavy chain 1, inhibit the ferroptosis pathway and promote the balance of iron metabolism. In autophagy, the expression of autophagy related genes p62 and ATG5/7 can be enhanced, and the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 is increased, thus regulating autophagy process. At the same time, the activity of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines is decreased, and the inflammatory response can be effectively inhibited. These combined effects can reduce oxidative stress damage, increase insulin sensitivity and improve insulin signaling, and thus have a positive effect on improving insulin resistance. (4) Given that the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of insulin resistance, exercise therapy strategies targeting the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway will help promote the development of “exercise+drug” precision medicine for insulin resistance.

Key words: Keap1/Nrf2, insulin, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, iron metabolism, autophagy, inflammatory response, exercise, engineered tissue construction

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