中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5721-5727.doi: 10.12307/2025.195

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics •    下一篇

三种内固定方法治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧骨缺损的有限元分析

木塔力普·斯拉木江1,2,玉苏甫·热合曼1,2,任  政1,2,阿里木江·玉素甫1,2,冉  建1,2,王  建1,2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第六临床医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830002;2新疆医科大学第六临床医学院创伤骨一科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830002
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18 接受日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-02-26
  • 通讯作者: 王建,副主任医师,新疆医科大学第六临床医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830002
  • 作者简介:木塔力普·斯拉木江,男,1986年生,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人,医师,主要从事四肢骨创伤的诊治。 共同第一作者:玉苏甫·热合曼,男,1999年生,新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市人,新疆医科大学第六临床医学院创伤骨一科在读硕士,主要从事四肢骨创伤的诊治。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01C454),项目参与人:任政;新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目 (XJ2023G186),项目负责人:阿里木江·玉素甫

Finite element analysis of three internal fixation methods for treating Pauwels III femoral neck fractures with anterior medial bone defects

Mutalipu·Silamujiang1, 2, Yusufu·Reheman1, 2, Ren Zheng1, 2, Alimujiang·Yusufu1, 2, Ran Jian1, 2, Wang Jian1, 2   

  1. 1Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; 2First Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Accepted:2024-06-03 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-02-26
  • Contact: Wang Jian, Associate chief physician, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; First Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • About author:Mutalipu·Silamujiang, Physician, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; First Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China Yusufu·Reheman, Master candidate, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; First Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Sixth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China Mutalipu·Silamujiang and Yusufu·Reheman contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2021D01C454 (to RZ); Graduate Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. XJ2023G186 (to AY)

摘要:

文题释义

股骨颈内侧骨缺损:股骨颈内侧皮质是维持股骨近端结构完整性的不可或缺的解剖成分,在促进载荷传递和旋转稳定性方面起着关键作用。当股骨内收暴力时,可表现为长尖刺形或横断形粉碎性骨块。
Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折:根据骨折线与水平线的夹角分型,角度越大,垂直剪切力越大,Ⅲ型多为不稳定型骨折,需要手术治疗。


摘要

背景:不稳定型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧骨缺损是非常少见且难以处理的,治疗此种骨折的最佳内固定方案一直是骨科医生中持续争论的话题。
目的:通过有限元分析评估不同内固定方式治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧缺损的生物力学性能,以期为临床手术决策提供实验支撑。
方法:利用Mimics 21.0、Geomagic和Solidworks软件构建伴有前内侧缺损且Pauwels角为70°的股骨颈骨折模型,模拟3种内固定方法:A组(3枚空心钉+内侧钢板)、B组(股骨颈动力交叉钉+1枚空心钉)和C组(4枚空心钉“菱形固定”)。在3倍体质量2 100 N的载荷下分析3组模型股骨、内固定以及股骨头的应力和位移变化。
结果与结论:①A组模型的股骨整体应力最小,且受力更加均匀且分散;B组内固定模型的应力较小,说明其具有更好的应力分散和抗剪切的作用;A组股骨应力侧的应力明显小于其余两组,且未发生应力集中现象;②A组无论是整体股骨模型、内固定或是股骨头的位移均小于其余两组,说明空心钉联合内侧钢板能够起到更好的稳定作用,可减少髋内翻的发生;③3枚螺钉联合内侧支撑钢板应用于垂直、不稳定且前内侧骨缺损的股骨颈骨折,可显著提高骨折的稳定性,提高对变形力的抵抗力,是治疗该类型骨折的不错选择。

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 骨缺损, 内固定, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unstable femoral neck fracture with anterior medial bone defect is very rare and difficult to manage. The best internal fixation scheme for the treatment of this kind of fracture has been a controversial topic among orthopedic surgeons. 
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of different internal fixation in the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fracture with anterior medial defect by finite element analysis in order to provide experimental support for clinical operation decision.
METHODS: The models of femoral neck fracture with anterior medial defect and Pauwels angle of 70° were constructed by Mimics 21.0, Geomagic, and Solidworks software. Three internal fixation methods were simulated: group A (3 hollow nails+medial plate), group B (femoral neck dynamic crossover nail+1 hollow nail), and group C (4 hollow nails “diamond fixation”). The stress and displacement changes of femur, internal fixation, and femoral head were analyzed under 2 100 N load of 3 times body weight.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The overall stress of the femur in group A was the smallest, and the force was more uniform and dispersed. The stress of the internal fixation model in group B was smaller, indicating that it had a better effect of stress dispersion and shear resistance. The stress on the stress side of the femur in group A was significantly lower than that in the other two groups, and there was no stress concentration. (2) The displacement of the whole femoral model, internal fixation or femoral head in group A was less than that in the other two groups, indicating that “hollow nail combined with medial plate” could play a better stabilizing role and could better reduce the occurrence of hip varus. (3) The application of three screws combined with medial supporting plate in vertical, unstable and anteromedial bone defect of femoral neck fracture can significantly improve the stability of fracture and resistance to deformation. It is a good choice for the treatment of this type of fracture.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, bone defect, internal fixation, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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