中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 376-382.doi: 10.12307/2022.062

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

初次全膝关节置换失血量与置换后低白蛋白血症、低钙血症的相关性

曲鹏飞,王慧声,李  锡   

  1. 辽宁省人民医院运动医学与关节外科,辽宁省沈阳市   110000
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-05 修回日期:2021-03-06 接受日期:2021-04-10 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 王慧声,硕士,副主任医师,辽宁省人民医院运动医学与关节外科,辽宁省沈阳市 110000
  • 作者简介:曲鹏飞,男,1993年生,辽宁省鞍山市人,汉族,2021年中国医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事骨科学方面的研究。

Correlation between blood loss during primary total knee arthroplasty and hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia after arthroplasty

Qu Pengfei, Wang Huisheng, Li Xi   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-05 Revised:2021-03-06 Accepted:2021-04-10 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Wang Huisheng, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Qu Pengfei, Master, Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
低白蛋白血症:不是一个独立的疾病,而是各种原因所致氮负平衡的结果,主要表现营养不良。血液中的蛋白质主要是血浆蛋白质及红细胞所含的血红蛋白,血浆蛋白质包括血浆白蛋白、各种球蛋白、纤维蛋白原及少量结合蛋白如糖蛋白、脂蛋白等,总量为6.5-7.8 g。低蛋白血症一般经及时、合理的治疗,均可取得一定疗效。
低钙血症:血清蛋白浓度正常时,血钙低于2.2 mmol/L时称为低钙血症。低钙血症经常没有明显的临床症状,但血钙浓度迅速下降或持续低钙可引起严重的神经系统和心血管症状,严重时可危及生命。

背景:即使在加速康复外科理念下,大部分行初次全膝关节置换的老年患者会在术后短期出现低钙血症和低白蛋白血症,因此有必要探究其发生原因及其预警因素,从而实施早期干预,尽量避免上述并发症造成的消极影响。
目的:统计初次全膝关节置换总失血量及置换后低白蛋白血症、低钙血症的罹患率,并且进一步探究手术失血量与置换前、后白蛋白及血清钙变化量之间的相关性。
方法:收集2019年1月至2020年10月在辽宁省人民医院运动医学与关节外科接受初次单侧全膝关节置换184例患者的病历资料,进行回顾性分析。采用Gross公式计算手术失血量;用Pearson相关性分析法分析置换前、后血清钙、白蛋白变化量与患者年龄的相关性,以及手术失血量与手术时长、白蛋白变化量、血清钙变化量之间的相关性;分别以置换前、后白蛋白及血清钙变化量为自变量,以手术失血量为因变量,建立线性回归方程;最后以置换前、后白蛋白和血清钙变化量为自变量,以手术失血量为因变量利用多元线性回归分析(逐步法)建立最优线性回归方程模型。
结果与结论:①初次全膝关节置换后出现低蛋白血症的罹患率为59.8%,置换后低钙血症的罹患率为76.6%;②非大量成分输血对置换前、后白蛋白、血清钙变化无影响;③置换前、后血清钙及白蛋白变化量与患者年龄之间有显著正相关性;手术失血量与置换后白蛋白变化量、置换后血清钙变化量均有极显著正相关性;④线性回归分析结果:理论失血量与血清钙变化量的关系:Y=41.294+2 313.383X。R2(调整后)= 0.459;理论失血量与血白蛋白变化量的关系:Y=57.084+59.392X。R2(调整后)=0.406;以手术失血量(Y)为因变量,以血清钙变化量(X1)、白蛋白变化量(X2)为自变量,建立最优线性回归方程:Y=-30.91+1 548.931X1+30.029X2,R2(调整后)=0.511;⑤提示对预计手术失血量大的高龄患者可依其身体状况在围术期施行维持白蛋白和钙离子稳定的干预措施;置换前检验白蛋白结果低于42.44 g/L、接受初次全膝关节置换的老年患者应加强营养,制定相应膳食方案或口服/静脉补充白蛋白;置换前检验血清钙结果低于2.398 mmol/L、接受初次全膝关节置换的老年患者有必要口服或静脉应用钙剂,以防患者置换后出现低钙血症及低白蛋白血症。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-1844 (曲鹏飞) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 初次全膝关节置换, 失血量, 低钙血症, 低白蛋白血症, 多元线性回归

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Even under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, most elderly patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty have hypocalcemia and hypoalbuminemia in the short term after surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the causes and early warning factors to implement early intervention, thereby trying to avoid the negative effects caused by the above complications.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the total blood loss and the incidence of hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia after primary total knee arthroplasty, further explore the correlation between the amount of blood loss and the changes of albumin and serum calcium before and after surgery.
METHODS:  The medical records of 184 patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province from January 2019 to October 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Gross formula was used to calculate blood loss. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the changes of serum calcium and albumin before and after operation and the age of patients, and the correlation between the amount of blood loss after operation and the length of operation, the changes of albumin, and the changes of serum calcium. The linear regression equation was established with the changes of albumin and serum calcium before and after operation as independent variables and the blood loss as dependent variables. Finally, the optimal linear regression equation model was established by multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise method) with the changes of albumin and serum calcium before and after operation as independent variables and the blood loss as dependent variables.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The incidence of hypoproteinemia after primary total knee arthroplasty was 59.8%, and the incidence of hypocalcemia after arthroplasty was 76.6%. (2) Non-major component blood transfusion had no effect on changes in albumin and serum calcium before and after arthroplasty. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between the changes in serum calcium and albumin before and after arthroplasty and the age of the patient. There was a very significant positive correlation of the amount of blood loss after surgery with the change in albumin after arthroplasty and the change in serum calcium after arthroplasty. (4) Linear regression analysis results showed the correlation between theoretical blood loss and changes in serum calcium: Y=41.294+2 313.383X, R2(after adjustment)=0.459; correlation between theoretical blood loss and changes in blood albumin Y=57.084+59.392X, R2(after adjustment)=0.406. Using blood loss (Y) as the dependent variable and serum calcium change (X1) and albumin change (X2) as independent variables, the optimal linear regression equation was established: Y=-30.91+1 548.931X1+30.029X2, R2 (after adjustment)=0.511. (5) It is indicated that according to the physical condition of the elderly patients who are expected to have a large amount of blood loss, the intervention measures can be implemented to maintain the stability of albumin and calcium ion in the perioperative period. The elderly patients who receive primary total knee arthroplasty whose preoperative albumin test results are lower than 42.44 g/L should strengthen nutrition, formulate the corresponding dietary plan or oral/intravenous albumin supplement. It is necessary to use calcium orally or intravenously in elderly patients who have received primary total knee arthroplasty and preoperative serum calcium test results are lower than 2.398 mmol/L in order to prevent hypocalcemia and hypoalbuminemia.

Key words: primary total knee arthroplasty, blood loss, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, multiple linear regression

中图分类号: