中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (26): 4242-4251.doi: 10.12307/2022.830
• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇 下一篇
宫雨晴,姚 蔚,李 然
收稿日期:2021-10-08
接受日期:2021-11-13
出版日期:2022-09-18
发布日期:2022-03-09
通讯作者:
姚蔚,博士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,山西医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
李然,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,山西医科大学口腔医院医务科主任,山西医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
作者简介:宫雨晴,女,1995年生,河北省沧州市人,汉族,山西医科大学口腔临床医学专业在读硕士,主要从事牙槽骨改建方面的研究。
基金资助:Gong Yuqing, Yao Wei, Li Ran
Received:2021-10-08
Accepted:2021-11-13
Online:2022-09-18
Published:2022-03-09
Contact:
Yao Wei, MD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Li Ran, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
About author:Gong Yuqing, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
肿瘤坏死因子α:是一种主要由巨噬细胞和单核细胞产生的促炎细胞因子,参与正常的炎症反应和免疫反应,并且在骨病理生理学中起着核心作用。此外,它还可以直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,在许多病理状态下表达增多。
骨免疫学:骨免疫学概念由Arron和Choi于2000年首次提出,将免疫系统和骨骼系统紧密联系在一起,是研究在生理和病理条件下免疫系统和骨骼系统共享的分子以及这2系统在细胞和分子水平上的直接对话、相互作用及其作用机制的一门学科。
背景:骨免疫学强调了骨骼系统和免疫系统之间密不可分的联系,它的兴起给牙槽骨改建相关疾病的治疗提供了新的研究思路,而肿瘤坏死因子α是骨免疫学中一种重要的细胞因子,参与骨关节炎、慢性牙周炎等疾病以及正畸牙齿移动的骨代谢及骨改建。
目的:阐述了肿瘤坏死因子α在牙槽骨改建过程中的骨免疫调节作用及其研究进展。
方法:检索PubMed、万方及中国知网数据库收录的肿瘤坏死因子α和骨改建及骨免疫学研究相关的文献,最终纳入76篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与讨论:①牙槽骨是机体骨改建最活跃的部分,牙槽骨改建常见于正畸治疗、牙周炎以及种植体的骨结合过程。②肿瘤坏死因子α对牙槽骨改建的骨免疫学效应表现在高浓度的肿瘤坏死因子α主要通过核转录因子κB通路促进破骨基因如核转录因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达,促进破骨细胞的成熟分化引起骨吸收;③早期低浓度的肿瘤坏死因子α则通过核转录因子κB通路调节Wnt/β-连环蛋白和骨形态发生蛋白等通路间接促进成骨基因如骨钙素的表达,促进成骨细胞的成熟分化引起新骨形成。④因此肿瘤坏死因子α是调节牙槽骨改建的关键细胞因子之一,且在该过程的分子机制网络中起着核心的作用。⑤肿瘤坏死因子α的调节具有双向性,体内微环境又复杂,如何控制肿瘤坏死因子α的调节作用是一大难题。⑥文章希望为临床上正畸、牙周炎和种植治疗过程中监控肿瘤坏死因子α浓度并即时反馈,防止医源性牙槽骨过度吸收提供新的研究方向和理论基础。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-7657 (宫雨晴);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-8873 (姚蔚) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-2557 (李然)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程
中图分类号:
宫雨晴, 姚 蔚, 李 然. 肿瘤坏死因子α在牙槽骨改建中的骨免疫学效应[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(26): 4242-4251.
Gong Yuqing, Yao Wei, Li Ran. Osteoimmunological effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha in alveolar bone remodeling[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(26): 4242-4251.









| [1] OKAMOTO K, TAKAYANAGI H. Osteoimmunology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019;9(1):a031245. [2] AURéAL M, MACHUCA-GAYET I, COURY F. Rheumatoid arthritis in the view of osteoimmunology. Biomolecules. 2020;11(1):48. [3] ZHANG W, DANG K, HUAI Y, et al. osteoimmunology: the regulatory roles of t lymphocytes in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:465. [4] 陈龑,薛艳,蒋鼎,等.T淋巴细胞在骨关节炎中作用的研究进展[J].医学综述,2021,27(5):833-838. [5] 张慎启,石磊,李文金,等.骨质疏松相关骨免疫学进展[J].中国老年学杂志,2021,41(13):2907-2912. [6] WANG T, HE C. TNF-α and IL-6: the link between immune and bone system. Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(3):213-227. [7] LIU W, LI J, CHENG M, et al. Zinc-modified sulfonated polyetheretherketone surface with immunomodulatory function for guiding cell fate and bone regeneration. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2018;5(10): 1800749. [8] LI L, WANG Y, ZHANG N, et al. Heterozygous deletion of LRP5 gene in mice alters profile of immune cells and modulates differentiation of osteoblasts. Biosci Trends. 2018;12(3):266-274. [9] 邓怀明.淋巴细胞亚群及其效应性细胞因子在骨组织中的作用的研究进展[J].浙江创伤外科,2019,24(5):1088-1090. [10] GRUBER R. Osteoimmunology: inflammatory osteolysis and regeneration of the alveolar bone. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46 Suppl 21:52-69. [11] FAN L, GUAN P, XIAO C, et al. Exosome-functionalized polyetheretherketone-based implant with immunomodulatory property for enhancing osseointegration. Bioact Mater. 2021;6(9): 2754-2766. [12] 单宇华,应惜裕,张晓宇,等.巨噬细胞在β-TCP支架修复牙槽突裂中成骨作用的探讨[J].中国口腔颌面外科杂志,2021,19(4):315-319. [13] KUMAR G, ROGER PM. From crosstalk between immune and bone cells to bone erosion in infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(20):5154. [14] DONHAM C, MANILAY JO. The effects of sclerostin on the immune system. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020;18(1):32-37. [15] ARRON JR, CHOI Y. Bone versus immune system. Nature. 2000;408 (6812):535-536. [16] JIMI E, GHOSH S. Role of nuclear factor-kappaB in the immune system and bone. Immunol Rev. 2005;208:80-87. [17] LEE SH, KIM TS, CHOI Y, et al. Osteoimmunology: cytokines and the skeletal system. BMB Rep. 2008;41(7):495-510. [18] HUANG H, ZHAO N, XU X, et al. Dose-specific effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif. 2011;44(5):420-427. [19] LU Z, WANG G, DUNSTAN CR, et al. Short-term exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha enables human osteoblasts to direct adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cells Dev. 2012;21(13):2420-2429. [20] WANG L, ZHANG J, WANG C, et al. Low concentrations of TNF-α promote osteogenic differentiation via activation of the ephrinB2-EphB4 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif. 2017;50(1):e12311. [21] CHEN L, BAO J, YANG Y, et al. Autophagy was involved in tumor necrosis factor-α-inhibited osteogenic differentiation of murine calvarial osteoblasts through Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Tissue Cell. 2020;67:101401. [22] AMENGUAL-PENAFIEL L, CORDOVA LA, CONSTANZA JARA-SEPULVEDA M, et al. Osteoimmunology drives dental implant osseointegration: a new paradigm for implant dentistry. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2021;57:12-19. [23] YOU K, GU H, YUAN Z, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling and organogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:727075. [24] HOLBROOK J, LARA-REYNA S, JAROSZ-GRIFFITHS H, et al. Tumour necrosis factor signalling in health and disease. F1000Res. 2019;8:111. [25] ZWIRI A, AL-HATAMLEH MAI, W-AHMAD WMA, et al. Biomarkers for temporomandibular disorders: current status and future directions. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(5):303. [26] JANG DI, LEE AH, SHIN HY, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in autoimmune disease and current tnf-alpha inhibitors in therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2719. [27] PAN W, WANG Q, CHEN Q. The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci. 2019;11(3):30. [28] 杨丕山,宋爱梅.TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路对牙周炎发展和牙周再生的影响及其干预[J].口腔医学,2019,39(1):1-5. [29] 华锋,刘金辉.TNF-α在抗感染中的作用[J].南昌大学学报(医学版), 2012,52(5):96-99. [30] 高世勇,李丹.肿瘤坏死因子与癌症相关研究进展[J].中国药理学通报,2020,36(9):1209-1213. [31] ZHAO B. Intrinsic restriction of TNF-mediated inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:583561. [32] CHAN JK, GLASS GE, ERSEK A, et al. Low-dose TNF augments fracture healing in normal and osteoporotic bone by up-regulating the innate immune response. EMBO Mol Med. 2015;7(5):547-561. [33] WANG Y, CHE M, XIN J, et al. The role of IL-1β and TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;131: 110660. [34] METZGER CE, NARAYANAN SA. The role of osteocytes in inflammatory bone loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:285. [35] BRYLKA LJ, SCHINKE T. Chemokines in physiological and pathological bone remodeling. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2182. [36] 王琳璇,李永明,邱亚,等.肿瘤坏死因子α在正畸牙移动中作用的研究进展[J].口腔医学,2018,38(7):654-658. [37] JEON HH, TEIXEIRA H, TSAI A. Mechanistic insight into orthodontic tooth movement based on animal studies: a critical review. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1733. [38] 刘晨,毕良佳.肿瘤坏死因子α在慢性牙周炎中的研究进展[J].中华老年口腔医学杂志,2019,17(5):308-313. [39] 尹丽媛,李丽娜,潘亚萍,等.IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA在成人牙周炎患者牙龈组织中表达的研究[J].华西口腔医学杂志,2001, 19(5):318-321. [40] SHUBAYEV VI, BRANEMARK R, STEINAUER J, et al. Titanium implants induce expression of matrix metalloproteinases in bone during osseointegration. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41(6A):757-766. [41] GARLET TP, COELHO U, SILVA JS, et al. Cytokine expression pattern in compression and tension sides of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement in humans. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007;115(5): 355-362. [42] TEIXEIRA CC, KHOO E, TRAN J, et al. Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2010;89(10):1135-1141. [43] DE O SILVA V, LOBATO RV, ANDRADE EF, et al. Effects of β-glucans ingestion on alveolar bone loss, intestinal morphology, systemic inflammatory profile, and pancreatic β-cell function in rats with periodontitis and diabetes. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):1016. [44] AHUJA R, ALMUZIAN M, KHAN A, et al. A preliminary investigation of short-term cytokine expression in gingival crevicular fluid secondary to high-level orthodontic forces and the associated root resorption: case series analytical study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):23. [45] BIELEMANN AM, MARCELLO-MACHADO RM, LEITE FRM, et al. Comparison between inflammation-related markers in peri-implant crevicular fluid and clinical parameters during osseointegration in edentulous jaws. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(1):531-543. [46] DUARTE PM, DE LORENZO ABREU L, VILELA A, et al. Protein and mRNA detection of classic cytokines in corresponding samples of serum, gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid from subjects with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2019;54(2):174-179. [47] LIU H, LUO T, TAN J, et al. ‘Osteoimmunology’ offers new perspectives for the treatment of pathological bone loss. Curr Pharm Des. 2017; 23(41):6272-6278. [48] ZHAO L, HUANG J, ZHANG H, et al. Tumor necrosis factor inhibits mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts via the ubiquitin E3 ligase Wwp1. Stem Cells. 2011;29(10):1601-1610. [49] GLASS GE, CHAN JK, FREIDIN A, et al. TNF-α promotes fracture repair by augmenting the recruitment and differentiation of muscle-derived stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(4):1585-1590. [50] BRIOLAY A, LENCEL P, BESSUEILLE L, et al. Autocrine stimulation of osteoblast activity by Wnt5a in response to TNF-α in human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;430(3): 1072-1077. [51] WANG YW, XU DP, LIU Y, et al. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α at different concentrations on osteogenetic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(7): 2081-2085. [52] YE X, HUANG H, ZHAO N, et al. Inhibition of Runx2 signaling by TNF-α in ST2 murine bone marrow stromal cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2016;52(10):1026-1033. [53] DANIELE S, NATALI L, GIACOMELLI C, et al. Osteogenesis is improved by low tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration through the modulation of gs-coupled receptor signals. Mol Cell Biol. 2017;37(8):e00442. [54] WANG LM, ZHAO N, ZHANG J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts by downregulation of EphB4 signaling via activated nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. J Periodontal Res. 2018;53(1):66-72. [55] XU CP, SUN HT, YANG YJ, et al. ELP2 negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation impaired by tumor necrosis factor alpha in MC3T3-E1 cells through STAT3 activation. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(10):18075-18085. [56] ZHANG Y, YANG C, GE S, et al. EphB4/TNFR2/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway comprises a signaling axis to mediate the positive effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation. BMC Mol Cell Biol. 2020;21(1):29. [57] CAO Y, WANG Y, LI C, et al. Effect of TNF-α on the proliferation and osteogenesis of human periodontal mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med. 2021;21(5):434. [58] YANG F, JIA Y, SUN Q, et al. Raloxifene improves TNF-α-induced osteogenic differentiation inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and alleviates osteoporosis. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(1):309-314. [59] MARAHLEH A, KITAURA H, OHORI F, et al. TNF-α directly enhances osteocyte RANKL expression and promotes osteoclast formation. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2925. [60] ZAISS MM, KUROWSKA-STOLARSKA M, BOHM C, et al. IL-33 shifts the balance from osteoclast to alternatively activated macrophage differentiation and protects from TNF-α-mediated bone loss. J Immunol. 2011;186(11):6097-6105. [61] MATSUBARA R, KUKITA T, ICHIGI Y, et al. Characterization and identification of subpopulations of mononuclear preosteoclasts induced by TNF-α in combination with TGF-β in rats. PLoS One. 2012; 7(10):e47930. [62] MOON SJ, AHN IE, JUNG H, et al. Temporal differential effects of proinflammatory cytokines on osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Med. 2013; 31(4):769-777. [63] KAGIYA T, NAKAMURA S. Expression profiling of microRNAs in RAW264.7 cells treated with a combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANKL during osteoclast differentiation. J Periodontal Res. 2013;48(3):373-385. [64] SHINOHARA H, TERAMACHI J, OKAMURA H, et al. Double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is necessary for tnf-α-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem. 2015;116(9):1957-1967. [65] YAMASHITA Y, UKAI T, NAKAMURA H, et al. RANKL pretreatment plays an important role in the differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts induced by TNF-α on murine bone marrow macrophages. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(9):1273-1282. [66] SANG C, ZHANG J, ZHANG Y, et al. TNF-α promotes osteoclastogenesis through JNK signaling-dependent induction of Semaphorin3D expression in estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(12):3396-3408. [67] MARAHLEH A, KITAURA H, ISHIDA M, et al. Effect of anti-c-fms antibody on osteoclast formation and proliferation of osteoclast precursor in vitro. J Vis Exp. 2019;(145):e59089. [68] OHORI F, KITAURA H, MARAHLEH A, et al. Effect of TNF-α-induced sclerostin on osteocytes during orthodontic tooth movement. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:9716758. [69] OHNUMA K, KASAGI S, UTO K, et al. MicroRNA-124 inhibits TNF-α- and IL-6-induced osteoclastogenesis. Rheumatol Int. 2019;39(4):689-695. [70] OHORI F, KITAURA H, OGAWA S, et al. IL-33 Inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):1130. [71] PATHAK JL, FANG Y, CHEN Y, et al. Downregulation of macrophage-specific act-1 intensifies periodontitis and alveolar bone loss possibly via TNF/NF-κB signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:628139. [72] JIMI E, TAKAKURA N, HIURA F, et al. The role of NF-κB in physiological bone development and inflammatory bone diseases: is nf-κb inhibition “killing two birds with one stone”? Cells. 2019;8(12):1636. [73] TOBEIHA M, MOGHADASIAN MH, AMIN N, et al. RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway: a mechanism involved in exercise-induced bone remodeling. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:6910312. [74] SHEN LL, ZHANG LX, WANG LM, et al. Disturbed expression of EphB4, but Not EphrinB2, inhibited bone regeneration in an in vivo inflammatory microenvironment. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016: 6430407. [75] LI X, REN G, CAI C, et al. TNF-α regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone morphogenetic factor 9 adenovirus-transduced rat follicle stem cells via Wnt signaling. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(4):3141-3150. [76] ATRETKHANY KN, GOGOLEVA VS, DRUTSKAYA MS, et al. Distinct modes of TNF signaling through its two receptors in health and disease. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;107(6):893-905. |
| [1] | 王 景, 熊 山, 曹 金, 冯林伟, 王 信. 白细胞介素3在骨代谢中的作用及机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(8): 1260-1265. |
| [2] | 肖 豪, 刘 静, 周 君. 脉冲电磁场治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的研究进展[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(8): 1266-1271. |
| [3] | 高文波, 马宗民, 李淑娴, 聂秀吉. 有限元分析不同骨质下种植体长度及直径对初期稳定性的影响[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(6): 875-880. |
| [4] | 胡维帆, 郑 力, 李大地, 孙 阳, 赵凤朝. 过表达miR-25通过 NFATc1信号通路调控钛颗粒诱导的破骨细胞分化[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(5): 682-687. |
| [5] | 何云影, 李玲婕, 张舒淇, 李雨舟, 杨 生, 季 平. 聚丙烯酸/琼脂糖三维培养构建细胞球的方法[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(4): 553-559. |
| [6] | 陈巧玲, 白亦光, 刘 康, 林 涛, 罗栩伟. 条件性敲除骨髓间充质干细胞中3-磷酸肌醇依赖蛋白激酶1基因后的成骨细胞分化[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(24): 3785-3789. |
| [7] | 尤武林, 黄桂成, 王建伟. 微囊化转基因骨髓间充质干细胞与成骨细胞共培养后的成骨分化潜能[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(24): 3852-3857. |
| [8] | 颜 南, 伍彦龙, 唐晓慧, 张笑妍, 王 慧, 杨天泽, 周懋淳, 王正东, 杨晓霞. 骨髓间充质干细胞可减轻脑卒中缺血周围皮质小胶质细胞过度激活引起的脑损伤[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(24): 3790-3795. |
| [9] | 杨锐娟, 李阳阳, 蔡瑞艳, 刘慧兵, 郭 春. 白细胞介素1α诱导破骨细胞活化和骨流失[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(23): 3691-3699. |
| [10] | 黄 杰, 任 静, 彭湃然, 牟雁东. 一种新型免疫调节肽温敏凝胶治疗大鼠牙周炎[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(22): 3514-3520. |
| [11] | 冯 乐, 邱 鹏, 刘 敏, 周 会. 壳聚糖改性聚醚醚酮表征及对MC3T3-E1细胞黏附、增殖的影响[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(21): 3351-3356. |
| [12] | 蔡智国, 都沙沙, 杨 琨, 赵 娜, 刘 琪. 高糖状态下脂多糖介导βtc6细胞自噬的机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(20): 3127-3132. |
| [13] | 吴赛璇, 张 咪, 董 明, 陆 颖, 牛卫东. 骨稳态过程中Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路的调控作用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(2): 271-275. |
| [14] | 孙友强, 马 超, 梁萌梦, 辛鹏飞, 张 华, 向孝兵. 自噬在骨细胞中重要作用的最新研究进展:骨相关细胞活性和骨代谢[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(2): 276-282. |
| [15] | 范丹阳, 付润泽, 米佳静, 刘春艳. 骨改建过程中大麻素受体的表达及作用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(2): 283-288. |
1.1.7 检索策略 以PubMed数据库文献检索策略为例,见图1。
1.1.8 检索文献量 初步共检索到922篇,其中英文739篇,中文183篇,最后纳入76篇,其中英文66篇,中文10篇。
1.2 入组标准
1.2.1 纳入标准 通过题目和摘要进行初步的筛选,再经泛读和精读选出与文章相关的论文。
1.2.2 排除标准 研究目的与文章不相关或相关性较小、内容重复、观点陈旧或无法获取全文的论文。
1.3 数据的提取 共检索到论文922篇,其中英文739篇,中文183篇,排除846篇,最终筛选出76篇进行综述,见图2。
文题释义:
肿瘤坏死因子α:是一种主要由巨噬细胞和单核细胞产生的促炎细胞因子,参与正常的炎症反应和免疫反应,并且在骨病理生理学中起着核心作用。此外,它还可以直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,在许多病理状态下表达增多。
骨免疫学:骨免疫学概念由Arron和Choi于2000年首次提出,将免疫系统和骨骼系统紧密联系在一起,是研究在生理和病理条件下免疫系统和骨骼系统共享的分子以及这2系统在细胞和分子水平上的直接对话、相互作用及其作用机制的一门学科。
自骨免疫学概念提出以来,国内外针对骨免疫学和全身骨代谢疾病如骨关节炎、骨质疏松的研究较多,而针对骨免疫与局部骨代谢的研究较少,因此骨免疫和局部骨改建如牙槽骨改建的关系有很好的研究前景。
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||