中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12): 1826-1830.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3785

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

计算机设计联合3D打印模板应用于脊柱矫形可提升手术精度与矫正效果

刘正蓬,王雅辉,明  颖,孙  贺   

  1. 承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市   067000
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-21 修回日期:2020-04-25 接受日期:2020-06-29 出版日期:2021-04-28 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 孙贺,硕士,主任医师,承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市 067000
  • 作者简介:刘正蓬,男,1983年生,河北省人,满族,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科基础与临床方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2015年承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(20157060),项目负责人:刘正蓬

Computer design combined with three-dimensional printing template for spinal orthopedics can improve surgical accuracy and correction effect

Liu Zhengpeng, Wang Yahui, Ming Ying, Sun He   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2020-04-21 Revised:2020-04-25 Accepted:2020-06-29 Online:2021-04-28 Published:2020-12-25
  • Contact: Sun He, Master, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Liu Zhengpeng, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Chengde Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Project in 2015, No. 20157060 (to LZP)

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印模板:应用3D打印技术制成,相较于传统技术,3D打印模板更符合人体解剖结构,生物相容性更好,可提供个性化设计,更利于手术进行。随着人们对手术精度、微创性等要求的提高,3D打印模板在外科领域应用逐渐增加,应用前景广阔。
Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI):包含社交活动、睡眠质量、日常活动、疼痛程度4个维度,分值高低与功能障碍程度呈正相关,可用于评价脊柱畸形术后疼痛与功能障碍程度,其信度、效度均较高,对其进行评价可为患者预后情况提供一定参考。

背景:脊柱畸形矫形手术难点在于如何确定畸形椎体椎弓根位置,应用传统CT、X射线片检查等方法难以实现准确定位,影响手术效果。而近期研究显示,计算机技术、3D打印模板在提高定位及置钉效果方面存在优势。
目的:探讨计算机设计联合3D打印模板应用于脊柱矫形对手术精度与矫正效果的影响。
方法:选择2016年2月至2019年2月在承德医学院附属医院行矫形手术治疗的脊柱畸形患者73例进行前瞻性单盲随机对照试验,按随机数字表分为2组。试验组36例矫形术中应用计算机设计联合3D打印模板,对照组37例采取常规矫形手术。比较两组手术情况、Cobb角纠正率、置钉成功率、并发症发生率;术后随访12个月,对比两组术前、术后12个月Oswestry功能障碍指数。
结果与结论:①试验组手术时间较对照组短,术中X射线透视次数、术中出血量较对照组少(P < 0.05);②试验组Cobb角纠正率89%显著高于对照组70%(P < 0.05),试验组置钉成功率100%显著高于对照组81%(P < 0.05);③两组术后并发症发生率相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④两组术后12个月Oswestry功能障碍指数量表中社交活动、睡眠质量、日常活动、疼痛程度各维度评分较术前降低,且试验组低于对照组(P < 0.05);⑤提示计算机设计联合3D打印模板应用于脊柱矫形手术可缩短手术时间,减轻手术创伤,减少术中X射线透视次数,提升手术精度与矫正效果,减轻术后功能障碍程度。

关键词: 脊柱矫形, 计算机, 3D打印模板, 功能障碍, Cobb角, 置钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The difficulty of orthopedic surgery for spinal deformity lies in how to determine the position of the vertebral pedicle of the deformed vertebral body. It is difficult to achieve accurate positioning using traditional CT, X-ray examination and other methods, which affects the surgical effect. Recent research shows that computer technology and three-dimensional (3D) printing templates have advantages in improving positioning and nail placement. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of computer design combined with 3D printing template on spinal orthopedics on surgical accuracy and correction effect. 
METHODS: A prospective single-blind randomized controlled study was performed in 73 patients with spinal deformities undergoing orthopedic surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from February 2016 to February 2019. According to the random number table, they were divided into two groups. In the trial group (n=36), computer design combined with 3D printing template was used in orthopedic surgery. In the control group (n=37), conventional orthopedic surgery was applied. The operation situation, the correction rate of Cobb angle, the success rate of nail placement, and the incidence of complications were compared in the two groups. Follow-up was performed for 12 months after operation. Oswestry disability index was compared between the two groups before and 12 months after operation. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time of the trial group was shorter than that of the control group. The number of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy and intraoperative blood loss were less in the trial group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The correction rate of Cobb angle was significantly higher in the trial group (89%) than that in the control group (70%) (P < 0.05). The success rate of nail placement was significantly higher in the trial group (100%) than that in the control group (81%) (P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The scores of social activities, sleep quality, daily activities, and pain in each dimension of the Oswestry disability index of the two groups 12 months after operation were lower than those before surgery, and those scores in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) These results suggest that computer design combined with 3D printing templates for spinal orthopedic surgery can shorten the operation time, reduce surgical trauma, reduce the number of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, improve surgical accuracy and correction effect, and reduce the degree of postoperative dysfunction.


Key words: spinal orthopedics, computer, 3D printing template, dysfunction, Cobb angle, nail placement

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