中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (22): 3540-3546.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2283

• 材料生物相容性 material biocompatibility • 上一篇    下一篇

切割球囊与半顺应性球囊用于冠状动脉分叉病变预扩张的比较

晋  辉,邱翠婷,孙亚超,曾  辉,郑海军,刘  静,韩风杰   

  1. 焦作市人民医院心血管内科1病区,河南省焦作市  454002
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-10 修回日期:2019-09-11 接受日期:2019-12-05 出版日期:2020-08-08 发布日期:2020-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 郑海军,主任医师,焦作市人民医院心血管内科1病区,河南省焦作市 454002
  • 作者简介:晋辉,男,1979年生,河南省焦作市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事心内科介入治疗方面的研究。

Efficacy of cutting balloon versus semi-compliant balloon for predilation of coronary bifurcation lesions

Jin Hui, Qiu Cuiting, Sun Yachao, Zeng Hui, Zheng Haijun, Liu Jing, Han Fengjie   

  1. First Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-10 Revised:2019-09-11 Accepted:2019-12-05 Online:2020-08-08 Published:2020-04-26
  • Contact: Zheng Haijun, Chief physician, First Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Jin Hui, Associate chief physician, First Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

切割球囊:是一类将微切割技术和球囊扩张结合一起的特殊球囊,由一枚球囊组成,球囊外层表面上纵向装有三片或四片粥样硬化切开刀。在球囊未到达病变之前,刀片被紧密包绕在经过特殊折叠的球囊材料之内,不会损伤所过路径的正常血管。到达病变后,在扩张球囊时刀片伸出球囊外面,造成血管中膜的纵形切口。切割球囊适用于2-4 mm直径的血管,直径选择为其与血管直径之比不要超过1∶1,否则会造成内膜撕裂。目前切割球囊主要用在支架内再狭窄病变、开口病变、分叉病变、小血管病变和钙化病变。相对禁忌证为病变严重成角(>45°)、严重钙化、血栓及血管严重扭曲的病变。

紫杉醇药物涂层球囊:是一个由2部分组成的组合产品,一个标准的血管成形球囊导管来提供基础的输送装置,扩张靶向病变部位;另一部分是药物涂层,其在球囊表面的紫杉醇量为3 μg/mm2,该产品主要靠药物在血管内壁的释放发挥作用,可用于治疗小血管病变、分叉病变、部分冠状动脉血管原发病变,以及不能耐受或不适合长期服用抗血小板药物的患者。紫杉醇药物涂层球囊虽然能有效抑制血管平滑肌细胞再生,但不能有效抑制血管壁弹性回缩,后者在血管再狭窄中起着至关重要的作用。

背景:目前冠状动脉分叉病变治疗尚无高效统一的最佳方案,较多采用主支植入药物洗脱支架、分支用药物涂层球囊扩张的简单策略,但单纯直接的药物涂层球囊扩张不能克服血管壁弹性回缩难题,远期仍存在分支丢失的风险。

目的:比较切割球囊与半顺应性球囊用于冠状动脉分叉病变预扩张的疗效和安全性。

方法:选择2016年8月至2018年5月焦作市人民医院收治的冠状动脉分叉病变患者110例,其中男83例,女27例,年龄18-88岁,按照分层区组随机化原则分为观察组(n=55)和对照组(n=55)。两组均进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,观察组主支采用切割球囊预扩张后植入药物洗脱支架,分支采用切割球囊预扩张后行药物涂层球囊扩张;对照组主支采用半顺应性球囊预扩张后植入药物洗脱支架,分支采用半顺应性球囊预扩张后行药物涂层球囊扩张。术后即刻造影,判定主支、分支的前向血流TIMI分级及有无血管夹层发生;术前、术后即刻、术后6个月、12个月应用冠状动脉造影定量分析主支及分支血管参考直径、最小内径及狭窄程度;记录两组术后12个月内的主要心血管不良事件。研究已获得焦作市人民医院道德伦理委员会审核批准。

结果与结论:①术后即刻造影,观察组主支、分支的前向血流TIMI 3级达标率高于对照组(P=0.007,0.015),主支、分支的血管夹层发生率低于对照组(P=0.023,0.012),主支、分支的紧急靶血管重建率低于对照组(P=0.006,0.026);②观察组术后即刻、6个月及12个月的冠状动脉保持成功率高于对照组(P< 0.001);③术后即刻、6个月及12个月,观察组的主支、分支最小内径均大于对照组(P< 0.01),主支、分支内径狭窄程度均小于对照组(P< 0.05);④术后12个月内,观察组的主支、分支靶血管再狭窄率低于对照组(P=0.038,0.043),主要心血管不良事件发生率低于对照组(P=0.025);⑤结果表明,在适用主支病变植入药物洗脱支架、分支病变植入药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉分叉病变中,切割球囊预扩张较半顺应性球囊预扩张更加安全、有效,并能降低靶血管再狭窄率及主要心血管不良事件发生率。

ORCID: 0000-0002-6099-4241(晋辉)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 冠状动脉分叉病变, 血管成形术, 切割球囊, 半顺应性球囊, 药物洗脱支架, 药物涂层球囊, 预扩张, 血管再狭窄

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: There is no efficient and unified optimal scheme for treating coronary bifurcation diseases. Simple strategies such as drug-eluting stent implantation in the main branch and drug-coated balloon dilation in the sub-branches are mostly adopted. However, direct drug-coated balloon dilation cannot overcome the problem of elastic retraction of vascular wall, and there is still a risk of branch loss in the long term.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a cutting balloon versus a semi-compliant balloon for predilation of coronary bifurcation lesions.

METHODS: From August 2016 to May 2018, 110 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions admitted at Jiaozuo People’s Hospital were selected, including 83 males and 27 females, aged 18-88 years. The patients were randomized into observation and control groups (n=55/group) and received percutaneous coronary intervention. The main branch in the observation group was predilated by a cutting balloon prior to drug-eluting stent implantation, and the sub-branches were predilated by a cutting balloon prior to drug-coated balloon dilation. The main branch in the control group was predilated by a semi-compliant balloon prior to drug-eluting stent implantation, and the sub-branches were predilated by a semi-compliant balloon prior to drug-coated balloon dilation. Immediate postoperative angiography was performed to determine the forward blood flow TIMI grading of main branches and sub-branches and whether vascular dissection occurred. Coronary angiography quantitative analysis was used to detect the reference diameter, minimum inner diameter and stenosis degree of main and sub-branches before, immediately, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Major cardiovascular adverse events within 12 months after surgery were recorded in both groups. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiaozuo People’s Hospital.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Immediate postoperative angiography showed that the TIMI level 3 rate of the main branches and sub-branches in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.007, 0.015), the incidence of vascular dissection was lower than that in the control group (P=0.023, 0.012), and the emergency target vessel reconstruction rate was lower than that in the control group (P=0.006, 0.026). (2) The success rate of coronary artery maintenance immediately and at 6 and 12 months after surgery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (all P < 0.001). (3) The minimum inner diameter of main branches and sub-branches in the observation group was larger than that in the control group immediately and at 6 and 12 months after surgery (all P < 0.01). The degree of inner diameter stenosis was smaller than that in the control group (all P < 0.01). (4) The target vessel restenosis rate of main branch and sub-branches in the observation group was lower than that in the control group within 12 months after surgery (P=0.038, 0.043). The incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events was lower than that in the control group (P=0.025). (5) These results indicate that in coronary bifurcation lesions, drug-eluting stent implantation is suitable for main branch lesions and drug coated balloon is suitable for sub-branch lesion. Cutting balloon predilation is safer and more effective than semi-compliant balloon predilation. Cutting balloon predilation can also reduce the rate of target restenosis and the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events.

Key words: coronary bifurcation lesion, angioplasty, cutting balloon, semi-compliant balloon, drug-eluting stent, drug coated balloon, predilation, vascular restenosis

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