中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (19): 3055-3062.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2071

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞来源外泌体与再生医学:无细胞疗法临床应用的未来

罗雅馨,毕浩然,陈晓旭,杨  琨   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市  563000
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-09 修回日期:2019-10-11 接受日期:2019-11-15 出版日期:2020-07-08 发布日期:2020-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨琨,博士,副教授,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:罗雅馨,女,1995年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事牙周组织再生方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81760199);贵州省科学技术基金计划(黔科合基础[2018]1185)

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and regenerative medicine: outlook for future cell-free therapy in clinical practice

Luo Yaxin, Bi Haoran, Chen Xiaoxu, Yang Kun   

  1. Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2019-10-09 Revised:2019-10-11 Accepted:2019-11-15 Online:2020-07-08 Published:2020-04-09
  • Contact: Yang Kun, MD, Associate professor, Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Luo Yaxin, Master candidate, Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760199; the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province, No. [2018]1185

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一种区别于微泡,具有特异脂质、蛋白、信使RNA和微小非编码RNA的微小膜性囊泡结构,其大小均一,直径为40-100 nm,密度为1.10-1.18 g/mL,可通过细胞内吞泡膜向内凹陷形成多泡内涵体并与细胞膜融合后而释放。外泌体内主要含有核酸、蛋白质和脂质等,并可在清除废弃物质、介导细胞间信息传递、产生免疫耐受、肿瘤治疗疫苗及组织修复再生等方面发挥作用。

再生医学:是指使功能无法自行恢复的病变组织、器官通过临床治疗措施得到结构和功能的重建,其研究的主要内容是干细胞如何发育成组织并应用干细胞潜能进行组织替代疗法,旨在改善受损、功能障碍和缺失的组织及器官的再生。间充质干细胞是目前再生医学研究中广泛使用的细胞类型,而其发挥作用在很大程度上是由其旁分泌主导而实现的。

背景:外泌体是一种微小的膜性囊泡结构,是间充质干细胞旁分泌的重要组成部分,可将信息传递至损伤的细胞或组织从而参与组织再生。

目的:将外泌体及其在再生医学中的研究进展进行综述。

方法:在PubMed、CNKI数据库中进行相关文献检索,以“exosomes,mesenchymal stem cells,tissue regeneration and repair”及“外泌体,间充质干细胞,组织再生修复”为关键词进行检索,通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,最终纳入63篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论:外泌体内含多种成分,其提取方法多样,具有清除废弃物质、介导细胞间信息传递、产生免疫耐受及作为肿瘤治疗疫苗等众多功能。间充质干细胞来源外泌体在组织再生与修复中发挥重要作用,具有较好的应用前景,但若要作为无细胞疗法投入临床使用,还需更多深入研究和探索。

ORCID: 0000-0002-9862-334X(杨琨)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词:

外泌体, 间充质干细胞, 再生医学, 组织缺损, 修复

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are tiny membrane vesicle structures that are an important paracrine component of mesenchymal stem cells. They can transmit information to damaged cells or tissues for regeneration.

OBJECTIVE: To review the exosomes and their research process in regenerative medicine.

METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrieved with the keywords of “exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue regeneration and repair” in English and Chinese, respectively. After initial screening of titles and abstracts, irrelevant articles were excluded, and 63 eligible articles were included for result analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosomes contain a variety of components, and their extraction methods are diverse. They have various functions, such as removing waste material, mediating information transfer between cells, generating immune tolerance and serving as a tumor treatment vaccine. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration and repair, and have good application prospects. However, if they are used as cell-free therapy in clinical practice, more in-depth research and exploration are needed.

Key words: exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, regenerative medicine, tissue defect, repair

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