中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (26): 3811-3816.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.26.002

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全髋关节置换假体位置的确定方法及生物力学特性

戚大春1,安新荣2   

  1. 滨州医学院附属医院,1骨关节外科,2内分泌科,山东省滨州市 256603
  • 修回日期:2016-04-28 出版日期:2016-06-24 发布日期:2016-06-24
  • 作者简介:戚大春,男,1965年生,山东省龙口市人,1987年滨州医学院毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事人工关节方面的研究。

Total hip arthroplasty for determining the position of the prosthesis and the biomechanical properties

Qi Da-chun1, An Xin-rong2   

  1. 1Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
  • Revised:2016-04-28 Online:2016-06-24 Published:2016-06-24
  • About author:Qi Da-chun, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

 
 
文题释义:
全髋关节置换假体定位:①医师在手术台上难以准确判断出骨盆的具体方向,并且操作过程中容易导致骨盆位置发生明显移位等。②置换过程中医师目测存在一定的偏差,容易导致假体置入的位置不准确。③置换过程中由于手术切口暴露限制,导致假体定位时缺乏理想的定位标准,难以确定假体的具体位置。
计算机辅助技术:能够将CT、MRI等设备采集人体器官、骨骼以及关节等部位的外形数据,进行三维数据化,能够以直觉而快速的方式进行曲线、曲面的构建和调整。同时计算机辅助技术还集成了现代数控技术、计算机辅助制造技术等最新成果,能够制作出生理力学性能优良、精度高等生物假体,并实现生物假体位置的准确确定。
 
摘要
背景:全髋关节置换时难以准确判断出骨盆的准确方位,治疗时容易引起骨盆位置变动,假体置入后容易引起角度偏差,且术者难以判断假体位置和方向的准确确定。
目的:探讨应用计算机辅助三维技术确定全髋关节置换假体位置的效果,并分析全髋关节置换假体的生物力学特性。
方法:选取滨州医学院附属医院2015年1至11月收治的10例全髋关节置换患者的资料进行分析,利用SIEMENS/DEFINITION双源128排CT对入选患者骨骼进行扫描,将CT数据作为建模的基础数据,扫描层厚0.732 mm,面内分辨率为512×512,设置扫描参数,将CT获得的数据导入计算机三维重建软件中,建立股骨和骨盆模型,根据骨折类型建立全髋关节置换假体模型。同时建立假体生物力学模型,探讨计算机辅助技术对全髋关节假体位置的确定方法,并分析假体的生物力学特性。

结果与结论:①利用计算机辅助技术能够清晰的显示患者关节缺损部位,且经过计算机辅助技术确定位置后能够在软件中模拟假体置入及修复效果;②经过计算机辅助技术能准确的确定人体重垂线,将髋臼旋转中心为原点,生成一条中垂线的平行线,并且能够将假体的矢状面和冠状面设定在新的坐标;③在计算机辅助下完成了对全髋关节假体模型的约束和加载,并通过模型为置换方案的制定奠定基础;④入选的10例患者均顺利完成全髋关节置换,其中9例患者假体安装位置正确,成功率为90%。对患者进行3个月随访,并未出现其他并发症;⑤结果提示,计算机辅助技术能够对假体进行三维构建、分析,并根据三维重建数字化骨盆模型,构建出人工全髋关节置换时假体的位置,实现表面髋关节假体置入的精确定位,从而预防关节过度磨损,使得骨盆更加接近生理状态力学分布,达到预期效果。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

ORCID:
0000-0003-0061-1189(戚大春)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 计算机辅助三维技术, 全髋关节置换, 假体位置, 生物力学, 生理状态, 力学分布

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: During total hip arthroplasty, it is difficult to accurately determine the exact orientation of the pelvis. Pelvic position is prone to change during treatment. After prosthesis implantation, angle deviation easily occurs. The surgeon is difficult to accurately determine the position and orientation of the prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of prosthesis position during total hip arthroplasty by using three-dimensional computer-aided technique, and to analyze the biomechanical properties of the prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS: Data of ten patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from January to November 2015 were analyzed. SIEMENS/DEFINITION dual source CT was used to scan the skeleton of patients. CT data were collected as a basis for data in modeling. Slice thickness was 0.732 mm; resolution of the inner surface was 512 × 512. CT data were imported in three-dimensional reconstruction software of a computer. The models of femur and pelvis were established. According to the type of fracture, false models of total hip arthroplasty were established. Simultaneously, biomechanical prosthesis models were established. We determined research methods of prosthesis position by computer-aided techniques and analyzed biomechanical properties in total hip arthroplasty. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The use of computer-aided technology could clearly show the defect site. After determining the defect position using computer-aided techniques, prosthesis implantation and repair effect could be simulated in the software. (2) The computer-aided through technology could accurately determine the vertical weight of the human. The acetabular center of rotation was used as the origin. A vertical parallel line was generated. The sagittal and coronal planes of the prosthesis could be set in new coordinates. (3) With the aid of computer, total hip prosthesis models were constrained and loaded, which lay the foundation for the operation through the model development. (4) The 10 patients achieved successful surgery. The position of prosthesis was correct in nine patients, with a success rate of 90%. Patients were followed up for 3 months. The patients did not have other complications. (5) These results suggest that computer-aided technology can do three-dimensional construction and analysis of the prosthesis, and can construct the position of the prosthesis during total hip arthroplasty according to three-dimensional reconstruction of the digitized pelvis model so as to achieve precise positioning of surface hip prostheses, which can prevent excessive wear of the joint, make pelvis closer to the physiological state of the mechanical distribution, and achieve the desired effect.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Prosthesis Implantation, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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