中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (30): 8000-8007.doi: 10.12307/2026.928

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

细胞外基质力学特性与骨再生:从分子机制到仿生材料

晋嘉璐1,2,喻  鹏1,余钒源1,2,吴佳益1,3,叶  玲1,2   

  1. 1口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川省成都市  610041;四川大学华西口腔医院,2牙体牙髓科,3锦江门诊部,四川省成都市  610041
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17 修回日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 叶玲,博士,教授,口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川省成都市 610041;四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓科,四川省成都市 610041 共同通讯作者:吴佳益,博士,主治医师,口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川省成都市610041;四川大学华西口腔医院锦江门诊部,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:晋嘉璐,女,2001年生,重庆市人,汉族,四川大学华西口腔医学院在读硕士,主要从事生物材料及骨组织工程方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金重大项目(2026NSFSCZY0003),项目负责人:叶玲;四川省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2026NSFSC1586),项目负责人:吴佳益;国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82501119),项目负责人:吴佳益

Extracellular matrix mechanical properties in bone regeneration: from molecular mechanisms to biomimetic materials

Jin Jialu1, 2, Yu Peng1, Yu Fanyuan1, 2, Wu Jiayi1, 3, Ye Ling1, 2   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Endodontics, 3Department of Jinjiang Outpatient, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China 
  • Received:2025-12-17 Revised:2026-05-15 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-09-15
  • Contact: Ye Ling, MD, Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China Co-corresponding author: Wu Jiayi, MD, Attending doctor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Jinjiang Outpatient, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Jin Jialu, MS candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, No. 2026NSFSCZY0003 (to YL); Youth Scientific Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, No. 2026NSFSC1586 (to WJY); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program), No. 82501119 (to WJY)

摘要:



文题释义:
细胞外基质:是由细胞分泌的多种结构蛋白和糖胺聚糖等组成的三维网络结构,为细胞提供机械支撑,并参与组织发育、损伤修复及骨重建等生理过程。
仿生材料:是指在结构与功能上模拟天然细胞外基质力学特性的生物材料,通过调节材料的力学参数,可实现对成骨相关细胞行为的精准调控,从而促进骨组织再生。

背景:细胞外基质不仅可作为细胞黏附和迁移的物理支架,还通过特有的力学特性调控细胞行为,在骨再生中发挥重要作用。
目的:系统总结细胞外基质的主要力学特性及分子基础,阐述这些力学特性如何通过机械信号通路调控成骨相关细胞的行为,深入理解细胞外基质的力学特性及信号通路,为构建具有仿生力学微环境的骨修复材料提供新思路。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science及中国知网数据库中,以英文检索词“Extracellular matrix,Mechanical properties,Osteogenic differentiation,Bone regeneration,Bone tissue engineering”,中文检索词“细胞外基质,力学特性,成骨分化,骨再生,骨组织工程”进行文献检索,筛选并分析与细胞外基质力学特性及骨修复相关的研究,排除原创性不足、与主题关系不大以及陈旧的文献,检索时限为1995年6月至2025年9月,纳入135篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①细胞外基质的刚度、黏弹性、塑性、纤维取向及孔隙-渗透特征共同决定力学微环境,从而调控成骨基因表达;②细胞外基质主要由纤维蛋白、糖蛋白、蛋白聚糖及无机成分协同构成,细胞外基质的交联密度、水合作用及矿物分布决定力学特性;③细胞外基质力学信号通过整合素-黏着斑激酶、Yes相关蛋白/PDZ结合域转录共激活因子-Hippo、Ras同源家族成员A-Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶、Wnt/β-catenin及机械敏感离子通道-钙信号通路传导,参与细胞增殖、分化与矿化,维持骨形成与吸收的动态平衡;④仿生材料通过交联、矿物相引入与复合结构设计等方式优化支架的刚度、孔隙结构与力学稳定性,能够为细胞提供更合适的支撑与微环境,促进细胞浸润、血管长入与成骨分化,从而提升骨缺损修复效果。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9962-974X(晋嘉璐);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-5882(吴佳益)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 细胞外基质, 力学特性, 骨再生, 成骨分化, 仿生材料, 机械信号传导, 骨组织工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The extracellular matrix not only serves as a physical scaffold for cell adhesion and migration but also regulates cells through its unique mechanical properties, playing a central role in bone regeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the primary mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix and their molecular basis, elucidate how these mechanical characteristics regulate osteogenic cell behavior through mechanical signaling pathways, and review research progress on biomimetic materials for bone regeneration based on these mechanical properties, as well as deeply understand the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix and its signaling pathways, thereby providing new insights for developing bone repair materials that mimic the mechanical environment.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI using the English keywords including extracellular matrix, mechanical properties, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, and bone tissue engineering, together with their Chinese equivalents. We excluded literature lacking originality, irrelevant to the topic, or outdated. After screening within the timeframe from June 1995 to September 2025, 135 articles were included in this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stiffness, viscoelasticity, plasticity, fiber orientation, and porosity-permeability characteristics of the extracellular matrix collectively determine its mechanical microenvironment, thereby regulating osteogenic gene expression. (2) The extracellular matrix is primarily composed of a synergistic combination of fibrils, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and inorganic components; its mechanical properties are determined by the cross-linking density, hydration, and mineral distribution of the extracellular matrix. (3) Mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix are transmitted through the integrin-adhezin kinase, Yes-related protein/PDZ-binding domain co-activator-Hippo, Ras homology family member A-Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, and mechanosensitive ion channel-calcium signaling pathways, participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, and maintaining the dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption. (4) Biomimetic materials optimize the stiffness, pore structure, and mechanical stability of the scaffold through cross-linking, the introduction of mineral phases, and composite structural design. These materials provide cells with a more suitable support and microenvironment, promoting cell infiltration, vascularization, and osteogenic differentiation, thereby enhancing the repair of bone defects.


Key words: extracellular matrix, mechanical properties, bone regeneration, osteogenic differentiation, biomimetic materials, mechanical signaling, bone tissue engineering

中图分类号: