中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (32): 8512-8520.doi: 10.12307/2026.286

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

水凝胶在运动损伤相关骨组织工程修复中的应用与进展

金  媛1,周加兵2   

  1. 1南京体育学院,江苏省南京市   210014;2广东石油化工学院体育学院,广东省茂名市   525000
  • 接受日期:2025-12-06 出版日期:2026-11-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 周加兵,讲师,广东石油化工学院体育学院,广东省茂名市 525000
  • 作者简介:金媛,女,1993年生,江苏省淮安市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动与大众健康方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东石油化工学院校级科研基金项目(2024rcyj1049,2024rcyj1050),项目负责人:周加兵

Applications and advances of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering repair related to sports injuries

Jin Yuan1, Zhou Jiabing2    

  1. 1Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; 2College of Physical Education and Sports, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-12-06 Online:2026-11-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Zhou Jiabing, Lecturer, College of Physical Education and Sports, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Jin Yuan, MS, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Research Fund Project of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, No. 2024rcyj1049, 2024rcyj1050 (to ZJB) 

摘要:

文题释义:
水凝胶功能化策略:指通过物理、化学或生物手段对水凝胶结构或组成成分进行有目的地改性和优化,使它具备特定的生物学功能、力学性能或智能响应特性,以满足组织工程、药物递送及再生医学等应用需求的系列方法总称。   
骨组织工程:是融合生物学、材料学和工程学等多学科技术,旨在修复、替代或再生受损骨组织的一种前沿生物医学工程技术。骨组织工程的基本原理是在合适的支架材料上接种种子细胞(如间充质干细胞),并结合生长因子或信号分子构建具有良好生物活性和力学性能的三维仿生结构,在体内外诱导新骨形成。

背景:水凝胶是一种高度仿生且可调控的生物材料,在骨组织工程领域展现出广阔的应用前景。
目的:综述水凝胶在骨组织工程中的研究现状与发展趋势。
方法:检索PubMed数据库和中国知网中有关水凝胶在骨组织工程中应用的文献,英文检索词为“Hydrogel,Bone Tissue Engineering,Nanomaterials,Bone Regeneration Mechanism,Bone Defect Repair”,中文检索词为“水凝胶,骨组织工程,纳米材料,骨再生机制,骨缺损修复”。根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入113篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:为了增强水凝胶在骨组织工程中的应用特性,研究者实施了多种功能化策略开发,包括物理化学改性、生物功能化及复合增强等,旨在提高水凝胶的生物相容性、机械强度、降解可控特性以及药物递送功能。功能化水凝胶促进骨再生的机制主要包括细胞相互作用机制、生长因子与信号通路调控、机械信号与微环境调控以及药物与纳米递送系统。未来,水凝胶的研究将注重多功能一体化的系统构建,如通过引入温度、pH值、酶或磁场等智能响应模块,实现时空可控的生物因子或药物释放,增强它在骨再生全过程中的动态干预能力;开发具有生物可降解性、力学性能可调和微环境适应性的高分子材料,有效提升它在复杂生理环境中的稳定性与组织整合能力;借助高精度3D打印技术实现结构可控、功能分区、个性定制的支架构建,以匹配患者个体化缺损的结构特征。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7060-5359 (金媛) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 水凝胶, 骨组织工程, 纳米材料, 骨再生机制, 骨缺损修复, 生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrogel, as a highly biomimetic and modifiable biomaterial, shows a broad application prospect in the field of bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current research status and development trend of hydrogel in bone tissue engineering.
METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for articles on the application of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. Chinese and English search terms were “hydrogel, bone tissue engineering, nanomaterials, bone regeneration mechanism, bone defect repair.” Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 113 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: To improve how hydrogels work for bone tissue engineering, researchers have used different strategies to add new functions. These include changing their physical and chemical properties, adding biological components, and strengthening them with other materials. The goal is to make hydrogels more compatible with the body, stronger, able to break down at a controlled rate, and better at delivering drugs. Functionalized hydrogels help bones regenerate through several ways: by influencing how cells interact, regulating growth factors and signaling pathways, controlling mechanical signals and the surrounding environment, and acting as drug and nano-delivery systems. Future research on hydrogels will concentrate on building systems that combine multiple functions. For instance, by adding features that respond to temperature, pH, enzymes, or magnetic fields, the release of biological factors or drugs can be controlled in specific locations and at specific times, improving their ability to dynamically affect bone regeneration. Developing polymeric materials that are biodegradable, mechanically adjustable, and adaptable to the microenvironment will improve their stability and integration within complex physiological conditions. Precise 3D printing technology will be used to create scaffolds with controlled structures, distinct functional zones, and designs tailored to match the unique structural characteristics of bone defect of each patient.


Key words: hydrogel, bone tissue engineering, nanomaterials, bone regeneration mechanism, bone defect repair, biomaterials

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