中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (32): 8521-8528.doi: 10.12307/2026.453

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

组织工程尿道修复与重建中的水凝胶支架

邱佳静1,2,黄立渠2   

  1. 1南京医科大学,江苏省南京市   210000;2南京医科大学附属儿童医院,南京市儿童医院泌尿外科,江苏省南京市   210000
  • 接受日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-11-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄立渠,副主任医师,副教授,南京医科大学附属儿童医院,南京市儿童医院泌尿外科,江苏省南京市 210000
  • 作者简介:邱佳静,女,1999年生,福建省龙岩市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事尿道下裂等小儿泌尿系统疾病临床研究以及尿道组织工程的基础研究。

Hydrogel scaffolds in tissue engineering for urethral repair and reconstruction

Qiu Jiajing1, 2, Huang Liqu2   

  1. 1Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Urology Surgery of Nanjing Children Hospital, Children Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Accepted:2026-01-29 Online:2026-11-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Qiu Jiajing, MS candidate, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Urology Surgery of Nanjing Children Hospital, Children Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Huang Liqu, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Department of Urology Surgery of Nanjing Children Hospital, Children Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
水凝胶:是一类水溶胀三维聚合物,具备高亲水性、高含水量(可达99.5%)、延展性及与活组织相近的生物相容性,能够模拟天然细胞外基质的特性,允许细胞黏附和迁移,同时可递送和保留细胞因子,使营养物质和产物能够扩散到特定位置,因此被广泛应用于生物医学领域。
组织工程:应用工程科学和生命科学的原理,开发用于恢复、维持及提高受损伤组织和器官功能的生物学替代物。组织工程的实施需有以下几个基本条件:需要有受者机体所能接受的细胞或组织,需要有支持细胞附着和生长的物质和材料(可取自受者, 或人工合成物和陶瓷等),需要有诱导、调控组织细胞生长增殖和分化的调控物质,如生长因子、促血管生长因子等信号转导分子等。

背景:近年来,水凝胶支架作为组织工程领域的重要载体,在尿道修复与重建中的应用取得了显著进展。
目的:系统综述尿道组织工程支架的设计策略、水凝胶支架的功能化改性及在尿道修复中的应用进展,并探讨水凝胶支架的未来发展方向和临床转化挑战。
方法:检索中国知网与PubMed数据库,英文检索词为“Hydrogel,Tissue engineering scaffold,Urethral tissue engineering,Urethral repair,Urethral reconstruction”,中文检索词为“水凝胶,组织工程支架,尿道组织工程,尿道修复,尿道重建”。根据入选标准,最终筛选出69篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:在尿道组织工程中,尿道支架不仅应该具有生物相容性等基本特性,还需要展现出适应尿道结构和尿液环境的独特性能。水凝胶支架可分为天然水凝胶支架(常见的有蛋白质水凝胶支架、多糖水凝胶支架、DNA水凝胶支架、细胞外基质水凝胶支架等)与合成聚合物水凝胶支架(常见的有聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯基水凝胶支架等),交联方法主要有物理交联与化学交联,制备方法主要有原位凝胶化、冷冻干燥、静电纺丝、3D生物打印等。为避免单一材料的缺陷,目前多采用复合材料制备水凝胶支架用于尿道组织工程中,例如适用于尿道微环境的复合水凝胶支架、利用脱细胞外基质的复合水凝胶支架、负载干细胞的多层复合水凝胶支架以及基于非干细胞的水凝胶支架等。伴随组织工程与再生医学的发展,水凝胶支架未来应向智能化、工程化、无细胞化等前瞻方向进行设计,同时需要考虑当前临床转化障碍,进而提出综合的解决方案。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3985-9480 (邱佳静) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 水凝胶, 水凝胶支架, 组织工程支架, 尿道修复, 尿道重建, 尿道支架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, hydrogel scaffolds, as important carriers in the field of tissue engineering, have made significant progress in their application in urethral repair and reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the design strategies of urethral tissue engineering scaffolds, the functional modification of hydrogel scaffolds, and their application progress in urethral repair, and to explore the future development directions and clinical transformation challenges of hydrogel scaffolds.
METHODS: The CNKI and PubMed databases were searched using Chinese and English keywords "hydrogel, tissue engineering scaffold, urethral tissue engineering, urethral repair, urethral reconstruction." Based on the inclusion criteria, 69 articles were finally selected for inductive analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In urethral tissue engineering, urethral scaffolds should not only possess basic characteristics such as biocompatibility but also exhibit unique properties that adapt to the structure of the urethra and the urethral environment. Hydrogel scaffolds can be divided into natural hydrogel scaffolds (commonly including protein hydrogel scaffolds, polysaccharide hydrogel scaffolds, DNA hydrogel scaffolds, and extracellular matrix hydrogel scaffolds) and synthetic polymer hydrogel scaffolds (commonly including polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, and acrylate-based hydrogel scaffolds). Cross-linking methods mainly include physical cross-linking and chemical cross-linking, and preparation methods mainly include in-situ gelation, freeze-drying, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting. To avoid the shortcomings of single materials, composite materials are currently widely used to prepare hydrogel scaffolds for urethral tissue engineering, such as composite hydrogel scaffolds suitable for the urethral microenvironment, composite hydrogel scaffolds utilizing decellularized extracellular matrix, multilayer composite hydrogel scaffolds loaded with stem cells, and hydrogel scaffolds based on non-stem cells. With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, future hydrogel scaffolds should be designed towards intelligent, engineered, and cell-free directions, while also considering current clinical translation obstacles and proposing comprehensive solutions.

Key words: hydrogel, hydrogel scaffold, tissue engineering scaffold, urethral repair, urethral reconstruction, urethral scaffold

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