中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (28): 7323-7331.doi: 10.12307/2026.808
• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇 下一篇
尤辰洋1,蒋 超2,车艳军2
收稿日期:2025-09-17
修回日期:2025-12-12
出版日期:2026-10-08
发布日期:2026-02-11
通讯作者:
车艳军,博士,副主任医师,副教授,南京医科大学附属苏州医院骨科与运动医学中心,江苏省苏州市 215000
作者简介:尤辰洋,男,2004年生,江苏省苏州市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读本科,主要从事运动医学相关研究。
基金资助:You Chenyang1, Jiang Chao2, Che Yanjun2
Received:2025-09-17
Revised:2025-12-12
Online:2026-10-08
Published:2026-02-11
Contact:
Che Yanjun, MD, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
About author:You Chenyang, School of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
腰椎核心肌群:包括腹前/后壁肌群、髋部核心肌群以及椎旁肌群,这些肌群的正常结构与功能对维持腰椎稳定性和防止腰椎间盘退变有重要意义。
椎间盘退变:是一种以髓核细胞凋亡、细胞外基质丢失以及软骨终板钙化为核心病理基础,继而导致髓核脱水、纤维环结构破损,并最终造成椎间盘高度降低和功能丧失的病理性退行性过程。
背景:椎间盘退变的机械稳定性失衡机制研究长期集中于椎旁肌群,对腹前/后壁及髋部核心肌群的关注不足,尤其缺乏多肌群协同作用的系统分析,且分子机制与肌肉功能间的联系尚未明确。
目的:旨在整合腹前/后壁、椎旁及髋部核心肌群与椎间盘退变的关联证据,揭示肌群协同失衡与Piezo1-YAP等分子通路的交互机制,并提出针对性防治策略。
方法:在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中,采用MeSH词(如transversus abdominis[MeSH])与自由词(如TrA、IVDD)组合检索,通过布尔运算符(AND/OR)连接肌肉解剖术语(transversus abdominis,gluteus maximus等)、疾病术语(intervertebral disc degeneration,low back pain等)及研究类型(RCT、cohort study等)。最终按预设标准筛选出61篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:腰椎核心肌群与椎间盘退变存在复杂关联。腹横肌通过调节腹内压和胸腰筋膜传导维持腰椎稳定,腹横肌失代偿(抑制/萎缩)是椎间盘退变的重要病理特征。同时,椎间盘退变患者核心肌群呈现特征性协同功能障碍:①腹壁肌群拮抗性代偿(腹内/外斜肌过度激活以代偿腹横肌失能);②腰方肌区域双重代偿(区域内腰大肌-腰方肌协同重组,区域间竖脊肌-腰方肌/腰大肌代偿);③臀肌失衡(臀大肌脂肪浸润/抑制,臀中肌优势侧保护性代偿)。这些协同功能障碍是破坏脊柱稳定性、加速椎间盘退变进程的核心环节。多肌群协同失衡(如臀肌-腰肌-腹肌动力链破坏)不仅加剧局部力学异常,而且通过系统性代偿影响整体脊柱-骨盆生物力学平衡,并引起腹内压调节紊乱。分子机制研究表明,异常力学负荷通过激活Piezo1-Ca²⁺-F-actin-YAP信号轴,促进细胞外基质降解和炎症反应;同时,核因子E2相关因子2 /核因子κB通路失衡加剧氧化应激与炎症微环境,形成力学-生物学恶性循环。针对核心肌群协同功能恢复的干预策略(如腹横肌靶向训练、臀肌强化、纠正异常激活模式)及其与分子靶向药物的联合应用具有重要临床潜力。未来需深入研究肌群间作用机制及代偿模式,以优化椎间盘退变防治策略。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6917-4967(尤辰洋)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
尤辰洋, 蒋 超, 车艳军. 椎间盘退变中的腰椎核心肌群协同失衡及靶向干预新策略[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(28): 7323-7331.
You Chenyang, Jiang Chao, Che Yanjun. Synergistic imbalance in lumbar core muscles and novel targeted interventions for intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(28): 7323-7331.






| [1] IWAI K, KOYAMA K, OKADA T, et al. Asymmetrical and smaller size of trunk muscles in combat sports athletes with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1474. [2] JIANG J, HUANG Y, HE B. Advances in the interaction between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles: critical summarization, classification, and perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1353087. [3] SUNG PS, O’SULLIVAN E, PARK MS. The reaction times and symmetry indices in the bilateral trunk and limb muscles in control subjects and subjects with low back pain that persisted two months or longer. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(10):2975-2982. [4] SPRINGER BA, MIELCAREK BJ, NESFIELD TK, et al. Relationships among lateral abdominal muscles, gender, body mass index, and hand dominance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(5):289-297. [5] GILDEA JE, HIDES JA, HODGES PW. Morphology of the abdominal muscles in ballet dancers with and without low back pain: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Sci Med Sport. 2014;17(5):452-456. [6] HIDES J, STANTON W, FREKE M, et al. MRI study of the size, symmetry and function of the trunk muscles among elite cricketers with and without low back pain. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(10):809-813. [7] SEKINE C, MATSUNAGA N, OKUBO Y, et al. Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Does Not Affect Muscle Synergy for Rowing Activities. Appl Bionics Biomech. 2021;2021:6651671. [8] MERLETTI R, MUCELI S. Tutorial. Surface EMG detection in space and time: Best practices. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2019;49:102363. [9] CLANCY EA, MORIN EL, HAJIAN G, et al. Tutorial. Surface electromyogram (sEMG) amplitude estimation: Best practices. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2023;72:102807. [10] HUANG P, LU X, GUO L, et al. Study on diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation and related factors based on dynamic electromyography. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2022; 35(10):984-989. [11] TAGUCHI N, IZUMI S, MIYAKAWA S. Analysis of trunk rotation during baseball batting with lumbar disc degeneration. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2023;69(1):1-10. [12] SINGH R, KUMAR P, WADHWANI J, et al. Do MRI-derived muscle moment-arms in patients with chronic low back pain differ from healthy individuals? A comparative study. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(4):1115-1122. [13] WANG Z, ZHAO Z, HAN S, et al. Advances in research on fat infiltration and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1067373. [14] SHI L, YAN B, JIAO Y, et al. Correlation between the fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles and disc degeneration and the underlying mechanism. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):509. [15] PEZOLATO A, DE VASCONCELOS EE, DEFINO HL, et al. Fat infiltration in the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles in subjects with sway-back posture. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(11):2158-2164. [16] YUAN S, WANG H, ZHOU J. Prevalence and risk factors of low back and pelvic pain in women with rectus abdominis diastasis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Korean J Pain. 2022; 35(1):86-96. [17] WU L, GU Y, GU Y, et al. Diastasis recti abdominis in adult women based on abdominal computed tomography imaging: Prevalence, risk factors and its impact on life. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(3-4):518-527. [18] SOKUNBI G, CAMINO-WILLHUBER G, PASCHAL PK, et al. Is Diastasis Recti Abdominis Associated With Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg. 2023;174:119-125. [19] FERREIRA PH, FERREIRA ML, MAHER CG, et al. Changes in recruitment of transversus abdominis correlate with disability in people with chronic low back pain. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(16):1166-1172. [20] UNSGAARD-TØNDEL M, LUND NILSEN TI, MAGNUSSEN J, et al. Is activation of transversus abdominis and obliquus internus abdominis associated with long-term changes in chronic low back pain? A prospective study with 1-year follow-up. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(10):729-734. [21] CRESSWELL AG, GRUNDSTRÖM H, THORSTENSSON A. Observations on intra-abdominal pressure and patterns of abdominal intra-muscular activity in man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1992;144(4):409-418. [22] BARKER PJ, GUGGENHEIMER KT, GRKOVIC I, et al. Effects of tensioning the lumbar fasciae on segmental stiffness during flexion and extension: Young Investigator Award winner. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(4):397-405. [23] CROMMERT ME, EKBLOM MM, THORSTENSSON A. Activation of transversus abdominis varies with postural demand in standing. Gait Posture. 2011;33(3):473-477. [24] NOWAKOWSKA-LIPIEC K, MICHNIK R, LINEK P, et al. A numerical study to determine the effect of strengthening and weakening of the transversus abdominis muscle on lumbar spine loads. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2020;23(16):1287-1296. [25] HIDES JA, LAMBRECHT G, SEXTON CT, et al. The effects of exposure to microgravity and reconditioning of the lumbar multifidus and anterolateral abdominal muscles: implications for people with LBP. Spine J. 2021;21(3):477-491. [26] LI X, LIU H, GE L, et al. Cortical Representations of Transversus Abdominis and Multifidus Muscles Were Discrete in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Evidence Elicited by TMS. Neural Plast. 2021; 2021:6666024. [27] TSAO H, TUCKER KJ, HODGES PW. Changes in excitability of corticomotor inputs to the trunk muscles during experimentally-induced acute low back pain. Neuroscience. 2011;181:127-133. [28] SUO M, ZHANG J, SUN T, et al. The association between morphological characteristics of paraspinal muscle and spinal disorders. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2258922. [29] HODGES P, KAIGLE HOLM A, HOLM S, et al. Intervertebral stiffness of the spine is increased by evoked contraction of transversus abdominis and the diaphragm: in vivo porcine studies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(23):2594-2601. [30] MASSÉ-ALARIE H, HAMER GV, SALOMONI SE, et al. Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes of the trunk muscles in chronic low back pain. PLoS One. 2023;18(6):e0286786. [31] JAMES G, CHEN X, DIWAN A, et al. Fat infiltration in the multifidus muscle is related to inflammatory cytokine expression in the muscle and epidural adipose tissue in individuals undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc herniation. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(4):837-845. [32] DE MARTINO E, HIDES J, ELLIOTT JM, et al. Intramuscular lipid concentration increased in localized regions of the lumbar muscles following 60 day bedrest. Spine J. 2022;22(4):616-628. [33] VASSELJEN O, FLADMARK AM. Abdominal muscle contraction thickness and function after specific and general exercises: a randomized controlled trial in chronic low back pain patients. Man Ther. 2010;15(5):482-489. [34] ARVANITIDIS M, JIMÉNEZ-GRANDE D, HAOUIDJI-JAVAUX N, et al. Low Back Pain-Induced Dynamic Trunk Muscle Control Impairments Are Associated with Altered Spatial EMG-Torque Relationships. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024;56(2):193-208. [35] PARK RJ, TSAO H, CLAUS A, et al. Recruitment of discrete regions of the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles is changed in specific sitting postures in individuals with recurrent low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(11): 833-840. [36] PARK RJ, TSAO H, CRESSWELL AG, et al. Changes in direction-specific activity of psoas major and quadratus lumborum in people with recurring back pain differ between muscle regions and patient groups. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013; 23(3):734-740. [37] MOHAMED RR, ABDEL-AZIEM AA, MOHAMMED HY, et al. Chronic low back pain changes the latissmus dorsi and gluteus maximus muscles activation pattern and upward scapular rotation: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022;35(1):119-127. [38] AMABILE AH, LARSON SL, HOGLUND LT, et al. Greater number of weekly stairs climbed is associated with lower low back pain prevalence among female but not male physical therapists. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0292489. [39] XU HR, ZHANG YH, ZHENG YL. The effect and mechanism of motor control exercise on low back pain: a narrative review. EFORT Open Rev. 2023;8(7):581-591. [40] 张婵娟,李悦龙,张洲,等.运动控制训练改善慢性非特异性腰痛的fMRI研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2022,37(3):303-310. [41] CHON SC, YOU JH, SALIBA SA. Cocontraction of ankle dorsiflexors and transversus abdominis function in patients with low back pain. J Athl Train. 2012;47(4):379-389. [42] PENG F, SUN M, JING X, et al. Piezo1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration through the Ca2+/F-actin/Yap signaling axis. Mol Med. 2025; 31(1):90. [43] ZHANG C, WANG F, XIE Z, et al. AMOT130 linking F-actin to YAP is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif. 2018;51(6):e12492. [44] ZHENG-WEI S, YUAN T, CHAO-SHUAI F, et al. Roles of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023; 159:114099. [45] HU T, SHI Z, SUN Y, et al. SEPHS1 attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by delaying nucleus pulposus cell senescence through the Hippo-Yap/Taz pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024;326(2):C386-C399. [46] WU L, WANG Z, WU Z, et al. Therapeutic targeting of Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling axis with casticin mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration: in vitro and in vivo investigations. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2025. doi: 10.1007/s11626-025-01108-0. [47] LINEK P, NOORMOHAMMADPOUR P, MANSOURNIA MA, et al. Morphological changes of the lateral abdominal muscles in adolescent soccer players with low back pain: A prospective cohort study. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9(6):614-619. [48] YALTIRIK K, GÜDÜ BO, IŞIK Y, et al. Volumetric Muscle Measurements Indicate Significant Muscle Degeneration in Single-Level Disc Herniation Patients. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e500-e504. [49] SEYEDHOSEINPOOR T, TAGHIPOUR M, DADGOO M, et al. Alteration of lumbar muscle morphology and composition in relation to low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J. 2022;22(4):660-676. [50] XU Y, ZHENG S, TIAN Q, et al. Deep learning-based structure segmentation and intramuscular fat annotation on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. JOR Spine. 2024;7(3):e70003. [51] SMITH JA, STABBERT H, BAGWELL JJ, et al. Do people with low back pain walk differently? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022;11(4):450-465. [52] SIONS JM, ELLIOTT JM, POHLIG RT, et al. Trunk Muscle Characteristics of the Multifidi, Erector Spinae, Psoas, and Quadratus Lumborum in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(3):173-179. [53] SEBRO R, O’BRIEN L, TORRIANI M, et al. Assessment of trunk muscle density using CT and its association with degenerative disc and facet joint disease of the lumbar spine. Skeletal Radiol. 2016;45(9):1221-1226. [54] FRĄCZ W, MATUSKA J, SZYSZKA J, et al. The Cross-Sectional Area Assessment of Pelvic Muscles Using the MRI Manual Segmentation among Patients with Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects. J Imaging. 2023;9(8):155. [55] LEE SK, LEE SY, JUNG JM. Muscle activity of the gluteus medius at different gait speeds. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(12):1915-1917. [56] AMABILE AH, BOLTE JH, RICHTER SD. Atrophy of gluteus maximus among women with a history of chronic low back pain. PLoS One. 2017;12(7): e0177008. [57] CHOI WJ, KIM WD, PARK DC, et al. Comparison of compensatory lumbar movement in participants with and without non-specific chronic low back pain: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022;35(6):1365-1372. [58] COOPER NA, SCAVO KM, STRICKLAND KJ, et al. Prevalence of gluteus medius weakness in people with chronic low back pain compared to healthy controls. Eur Spine J. 2016;25(4):1258-1265. [59] OTHMAN IK, RAJ NB, SIEW KUAN C, et al. Association of Piriformis Thickness, Hip Muscle Strength, and Low Back Pain Patients with and without Piriformis Syndrome in Malaysia. Life (Basel). 2023;13(5):1208. [60] 黄吉成.TAZ对炎症反应中小鼠小胶质细胞的保护作用及机制[D].长春:吉林大学,2020. [61] HUANG JC, YUE ZP, YU HF, et al. TAZ ameliorates the microglia-mediated inflammatory response via the Nrf2-ROS-NF-κB pathway. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2022;28:435-449. |
| [1] | 蒋 超, 车艳军. 软骨终板退变的生物学机制与未来研究趋势[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(23): 5915-5924. |
| [2] | 余圣涵, 成贤锴, 郑 跃, 杨 颖, . 基于Transformer-卷积神经网络模型实现单节点腰部康复训练动作识别任务[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(16): 4125-4136. |
| [3] | 吕国庆, 艾孜麦提江·肉孜, 熊道海. 鸢尾素抑制人关节软骨细胞中铁死亡的作用及其机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(6): 1359-1367. |
| [4] | 林亦欣, 王文义, 雷晓庆, 马德尊, 黄艳峰, 付长龙, 叶锦霞. 透骨消痛胶囊异病同治关节炎:网络药理学、分子对接及分子动力学模拟分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(24): 5093-5101. |
| [5] | 蔡 溦, 朱御坤, 许建中. 骨关节炎中枢纽基因及在免疫浸润中作用的生物信息学分析与鉴定[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(18): 3747-3757. |
| [6] | 尹 浩, 吉美奇, 胡志祥, 吴 涵, 吕 恒, 李圣云, 李 蕾, 翟春涛, 吕玉娥. 三种腰椎间盘突出症大鼠模型制备方法的比较与评价[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(14): 2930-2936. |
| [7] | 杨 鹏, 张 巍, 李文明, 李文豪, 吴泽彬, 周 军, 耿德春. 利格列汀调控巨噬细胞极化和破骨细胞形成缓解磨损颗粒诱导的骨质溶解[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(12): 2421-2428. |
| [8] | 尹 路, 蒋川锋, 陈俊杰, 易 明, 王子赫, 石厚银, 汪国友, 沈骅睿. 沙苑子苷A对关节软骨细胞凋亡的影响[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(8): 1541-1547. |
| [9] | 刘 琳, 刘世轩, 陆馨悦, 王 侃. 慢性肌筋膜触发点模型大鼠的尿液代谢组学分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(8): 1585-1592. |
| [10] | 贺光辉, 原 杰, 柯燕琴, 丘小婷, 张晓玲. Hemin调控小鼠软骨细胞氧化应激的线粒体途径[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(6): 1183-1191. |
| [11] | 项 攀, 车艳军, 罗宗平. 压应力激活SOST/Wnt/β-catenin通路诱导软骨终板细胞退变[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(5): 951-957. |
| [12] | 王东阳, 杨巧慧, 林欣潮. 绝经后女性维生素D水平与生殖特点和运动膳食情况的关系[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(5): 1021-1025. |
| [13] | 刘钟元, 李 扬, 张志文. KRT18与mRNA及长链非编码RNA互作调控椎间盘髓核细胞损伤的机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(2): 312-321. |
| [14] | 张 俊, 郭 建, 贾麒钰, 汤丽丽, 王 茜, 阿卜杜萨拉木·阿力木江, 吴 桐, 买合木提·亚库甫, 马 创. BYL-719对结核杆菌诱导异常破骨细胞分化的作用及机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(2): 355-360. |
| [15] | 黄文茁, 向海珠, 马玮玮, 黄 新, 付红军, 熊 勇. 2型糖尿病对各年龄段全身骨密度影响的两样本孟德尔随机化分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2024, 28(35): 5662-5668. |
1.4 纳入研究偏倚 纳入研究存在一定偏倚风险,可能对结论的稳健性造成影响:选择偏倚源于多数研究采用临床便利样本,可能导致结果高估目标人群肌群异常与退变的关联强度;测量偏倚存在于肌肉形态学的人工半定量评估中,可能引入误分类并削弱真实效应的检出;绩效偏倚因干预性研究中盲法实施困难所致,或者放大运动训练的疗效评估;此外,未被完全控制的混杂偏倚(如体质量指数、活动水平)可能干扰肌群与椎间盘退变间因果关系的推断。
近年来,Piezo1作为机械敏感性离子通道,已成为生物力学与椎间盘退变研究中的关键分子。异常力学负荷通过激活Piezo1–Ca²⁺–F-actin–YAP信号轴,促进细胞外基质降解、炎症反应及终板钙化,被认为是椎间盘退变的重要机制之一。与此同时,椎旁肌功能与椎间盘退变之间的关联作为该领域的经典研究方向,正逐渐拓展至更广泛的“腰椎核心肌群”系统。这一概念强调腹前/后壁肌群、髋部肌群与椎旁肌群的协同作用,其在维持腰椎稳定性方面的功能日益受到重视。#br# 尽管解剖位置相对远隔,腹横肌、臀大肌等核心肌群通过腹内压调节、胸腰筋膜张力传导及骨盆-脊柱动力链协调等机制,显著影响腰椎生物力学环境。值得注意的是,异常力学信号与肌群协同功能障碍可能存在双向调控关系:核心肌群失衡可导致局部应力异常,进而激活Piezo1等机械感应通道;反之,Piezo1–YAP通路所介导的炎症与基质降解反应,也可能通过神经-肌肉调控机制影响肌群功能。#br# 若能在未来研究中确立机械敏感分子通路与核心肌群功能之间的基础机制关联,将为实现“分子靶向治疗”与“肌群功能训练”相结合的协同干预策略提供理论依据,具有重要的科学价值与临床前景。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||