中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (16): 4146-4153.doi: 10.12307/2026.748

• 组织构建与生物力学 tissue construction and biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

户外劳作者的足底压力特征与步态分析

刘子旋,魏德华,郑海亮,王江宁,高  磊   

  1. 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市  100038
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 接受日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2026-06-08 发布日期:2025-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 高磊,博士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市 100038
  • 作者简介:刘子旋,男,1999年生,河北省保定市人,汉族,首都医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨外科、显微外科、难愈合创面修复、生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(J2022Z605),项目负责人:高磊

Plantar pressure characteristics and gait analysis of outdoor workers

Liu Zixuan, Wei Dehua, Zheng Hailiang, Wang Jiangning, Gao Lei   

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Accepted:2025-09-18 Online:2026-06-08 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: Gao Lei, PhD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • About author:Liu Zixuan, MS candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., No. J2022Z605 (to GL)

摘要:

文题释义:
足底压力:是指人在站立或行走过程中,足底各区域与地面接触时单位面积上所承受的垂直作用力,通常以N/cm2为单位进行量化。在步态周期中,不同足区(如足跟、足弓、跖骨头)所承受的压力大小及其分布反映个体的步态特征与负重模式。异常足底压力分布(如峰值压力升高、前足过载)可提示足底筋膜或跟腱处于高应力状态,是识别慢性劳损性疾病的重要生物力学指标。此文通过足底压力分析评估户外劳作者足部负荷特征,为疾病预防与个性化干预提供数据支持。
步态分析:通过步态分析系统对受试者自然步行过程中的动态参数进行量化评估,主要包括每分钟步数、平均步速、步态周期中站立相和摆动相所占比例等。通过分析这些参数,可反映受试者在行走中身体重心的控制能力与步态稳定性。例如,站立相比例升高提示单脚承重时间延长,易导致特定足区压力集中;而摆动期缩短则可能减少足底结构的缓冲恢复时间。此次研究以步态参数为切入点,揭示户外劳作者因职业暴露导致的步态改变及其潜在致损机制。

背景:户外劳作者因经常在不平路面上行走,面临足部生物力学异常等问题,是足底筋膜炎和跟腱炎的高风险个体。
目的:分析户外劳作者自然步态下的足底压力分布和步态特征,为高危足监测及设计足部防护鞋具提供依据。
方法:纳入24例户外劳作者为试验组,12例健康受试者为对照组。采用PRESSUREPLATE-SCIENTIC压力板对两组受试者进行自然行走步态测试,应用PODOMED步态分析系统获取完整步态周期的足底压力参数,测量两组受试者的足底峰值压力、足部负荷比、每分钟步数、步速、站立相、摆动相、压力中心偏移量等,对比两组在足底压力和步态参数间的差异。
结果与结论:①与对照组相比,试验组足跟内侧区(左)、足跟外侧区(左)、第3,4,5跖骨区(左)、足跟内侧区(右)、足跟外侧区(右)、足弓区(右)、第1,2,3跖骨区(右)峰值压力有所升高,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②试验组前足负荷比(左)、前足负荷比(右)大于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);试验组后足负荷比(左)、后足负荷比(右)小于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③试验组每分钟步数、步速大于对照组(P < 0.05);试验组站立相较对照组高,摆动相较对照组低,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);试验组压力中心前后偏移量(左)、压力中心前后偏移量(右)较对照大,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④提示针对户外劳作者所处环境的特殊性,应强化对其足跟、前足及足弓区域所承受压力的关注,以实现足部的科学护理,避免足部疾患发生。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9906-6570(刘子旋)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 户外劳作者, 足底压力, 步态分析, 高危足, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Outdoor workers frequently walk on uneven surfaces, which exposes them to abnormal foot biomechanics and makes them high-risk individuals for plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendinopathy.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the plantar pressure distribution and gait characteristics of outdoor workers under natural walking conditions, in order to provide a basis for high-risk foot monitoring and the design of protective footwear. 
METHODS: This study included 24 outdoor workers as the experimental group and 12 healthy individuals as the control group. Both groups underwent natural gait testing using the PRESSUREPLATE-SCIENTIC pressure plate. The PODOMED gait analysis system was used to collect plantar pressure parameters across the full gait cycle, including peak plantar pressure, foot load distribution ratios, cadence, walking speed, stance phase, swing phase, and center of pressure displacement. Differences between the two groups in terms of plantar pressure and gait parameters were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher peak pressures in the medial heel (left), lateral heel (left), third to fifth metatarsal regions (left), medial heel (right), lateral heel (right), midfoot (right), and first to third metatarsal regions (right) (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, in the experimental group, the forefoot load ratios (left and right) were significantly greater, while the rearfoot load ratios (left and right) were significantly smaller (P < 0.05). (3) The experimental group also exhibited higher cadence and walking speed (P < 0.05), longer stance phase duration, shorter swing phase duration (P < 0.05), and greater anterior-posterior center of pressure displacement on both feet (P < 0.05). Given the specific environmental conditions of outdoor workers, targeted attention should be paid to the pressure borne by the heel, forefoot, and arch regions to ensure appropriate foot care and prevent foot disorders.


Key words: outdoor workers, plantar pressure, gait analysis, high-risk foot, biomechanics

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