中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 3134-3144.doi: 10.12307/2026.702

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

不同吸气肌训练方式改善心脏外科术后患者运动及心肺功能的网状Meta分析

陈  萍1,杜锦超2,王宏英2,张  慧2,王海霞3   

  1. 山东第二医科大学附属医院,1康复医学中心,3中医科,山东省潍坊市  261053;2山东第二医科大学康复医学院,山东省潍坊市  261053
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12 接受日期:2025-08-13 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2025-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 王海霞,博士,副教授,山东第二医科大学附属医院中医科,山东省潍坊市 261053
  • 作者简介:陈萍,女,1992年生,在读硕士,主管技师,主要从事吞咽与呼吸康复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家中医药管理局科技司共建科技项目任务书(GZY-KJS-SD-2023-080),项目负责人:王海霞

Different inspiratory muscle training methods improve exercise and cardiopulmonary function of patients after cardiac surgery: a network meta-analysis

Chen Ping1, Du Jinchao2, Wang Hongying2, Zhang Hui2, Wang Haixia3   

  1. 1Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China; 2School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China

  • Received:2025-04-12 Accepted:2025-08-13 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2025-09-30
  • Contact: Wang Haixia, PhD, Associate professor, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Ping, MS candidate, Technician in charge, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Joint Science and Technology Project Task Book of Science and Technology Department, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. GZY-KJS-SD-2023-080 (to WHX)

摘要:


文题释义:
吸气肌训练:指在吸气过程中施加负荷并且旨在增加吸气肌的力量和耐力的训练方法,同时改善心肺功能,促进运动能力的恢复,被认为是心脏外科手术后早期功能恢复能力的重要决定因素
心脏外科手术:在心血管疾病的各种治疗方式中,心脏外科手术因其快速有效而具有重要优势,主要包括冠状动脉旁路移植术、心脏瓣膜手术、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术、大血管手术、Fotan术等。

目的:吸气肌训练可以通过增加吸气肌的肌力和肌肉耐力,来提高最大吸气负压,改善心肺功能,继而减少并发症的发生,帮助患者康复。系统评价不同吸气肌训练方式对心脏外科手术患者功能恢复的疗效差异。
方法:通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library,收集自各数据库建库至2024年11月发表有关吸气肌训练应用于心脏外科手术的随机对照试验,检索语种仅限中英文,在检索的过程中将主题词和关键词相结合。筛选后,使用Review Manager 5.4、Stata 14.2进行Meta分析。
结果:①最终纳入24篇文献,其中11篇高质量文献,13篇低质量文献,共计1 907例患者,4种吸气肌训练模式;②直接Meta分析结果:敏感性分析后,与对照组相比,吸气阈值负荷训练、吸气阻力负荷训练、高CO2吸气训练对吸气肌功能[MD=-15.01,95%CI(-18.72,-11.30),P < 0.01]、运动功能[SMD=-0.60,95%CI(-0.82,-0.38),P < 0.01]、心肺功能评分[SMD=-0.66,95%CI(-1.26,-0.07),P=0.03]显著改善;肺炎[OR=2.42,95%CI(1.44,4.06),P < 0.01]、肺不张[OR=6.18,95%CI(1.85,20.64),P < 0.01]发生率相比差异有显著性意义;③网状Meta分析结果显示,在吸气肌功能改善方面,疗效排序为吸气阈值负荷训练(92.6) > 吸气阻力负荷训练(57.4) > 传统常规吸气训练(0);在运动功能改善方面,疗效排序为吸气阈值负荷训练(100) > 高CO2吸气训练(66.4) > 吸气阻力负荷训练(33.6) > 传统常规吸气训练(0);在心肺功能改善方面,疗效排序为吸气阈值负荷训练(94.4) > 高CO2吸气训练(52.2) > 吸气阻力负荷训练(44.8) > 传统常规吸气训练(8.2)。
结论:现有临床证据表明,吸气阈值负荷训练在改善心脏外科术后患者吸气肌功能、运动功能、心肺功能方面疗效最佳,其次是高CO2吸气训练和吸气阻力负荷训练。然而,由于纳入部分研究的方法学质量较低,迫切需要高质量的研究来验证此次发现。
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5890-8694(陈萍)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 吸气肌训练, 心脏外科手术, 运动功能, 心肺功能, 网状Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inspiratory muscle training can increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, thereby improving maximum inspiratory negative pressure and cardiopulmonary function, reducing the incidence of complications, and aiding patient recovery. Herein, a systematic review is conducted to evaluate the differences in efficacy between different inspiratory muscle training modalities on functional recovery in cardiac surgery patients.
METHODS: We searched CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to collect randomized controlled trials about inspiratory muscle training applied to cardiac surgery from database inception to November 2024. Language was limited to Chinese and English. Subject terms were combined with keywords during the search process. After screening, we performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14.2.
RESULTS: (1) Finally, 24 papers were included, including 11 high-quality papers and 13 low-quality papers, totaling 1 907 patients and 4 inspiratory muscle training modes. (2) Direct meta-analysis results indicated that after sensitivity analysis, compared with the control group, inspiratory threshold load training, inspiratory resistance load training, and high carbon dioxide inspiratory training had a significant effect on inspiratory muscle function [mean difference=-15.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-18.72, -11.30), P < 0.01], motor function [standardized mean difference=-0.60, 95% CI (-0.82, -0.38), P < 0.01], and cardiorespiratory function score [standardized mean difference=-0.66, 95% CI (-1.26, -0.07), P=0.03]. There were significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia [odds ratio=2.42, 95% CI (1.44, 4.06), P < 0.01] and pulmonary atelectasis [odds ratio=6.18, 95% CI (1.85, 20.64), P < 0.01]. (3) The results of network meta-analysis showed that in terms of improvement in inspiratory muscle function, the therapeutic efficacy was ranked as inspiratory threshold loading training (92.6) > inspiratory resistance loading training (57.4) > conventional inspiratory training (0); and in terms of improvement in motor function, the therapeutic efficacy was ranked as inspiratory threshold loading training (100) > high carbon dioxide inspiratory training (66.4) > inspiratory resistance loading training (33.6) > conventional inspiratory training (0); and in terms of improvement in cardiorespiratory function, the therapeutic efficacy was ranked as inspiratory threshold loading training (94.4) > high carbon dioxide inspiratory training (52.2) > inspiratory resistance loading training (44.8) > conventional inspiratory training (8.2).
CONCLUSION: The available clinical evidence suggests that inspiratory threshold loading training has the best efficacy in improving inspiratory muscle function, motor function, and cardiorespiratory function of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, followed by high carbon dioxide inspiratory training and inspiratory resistance loading training. However, due to the low methodological quality of some of the included studies, there is an urgent need for high-quality studies to validate this finding.

Key words: inspiratory muscle training, cardiac surgery, motor function, cardiorespiratory function, network meta-analysis

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