中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 3127-3133.doi: 10.12307/2025.923

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

运动训练与专项运动者身体姿势异常及脊柱曲度紊乱的关系

彭  皓1,蒋  阳1,宋艳萍2,姚  娜2,申  震2,宋粤渝1,陈奇刚2   

  1. 1云南师范大学体育学院,云南省昆明市  650500;2云南中医药大学第三附属医院康复科,云南省昆明市  650011
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29 接受日期:2025-02-17 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2025-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈奇刚,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,云南中医药大学第三附属医院康复科,云南省昆明市 650011 共同通讯作者:申震,博士,主治医师,云南中医药大学第三附属医院康复科,云南省昆明市 650011
  • 作者简介:彭皓,男,1998年生,汉族,云南师范大学体育学院在读硕士研究生,主要从事运动康复、运动生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82360943),项目负责人:申震;云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0609),项目负责人:申震;云南省中医联合专项项目(202101AZ070001-257,202101AZ070001-123),项目负责人:
    申震;云南省基础研究专项项目(202201AU070120),项目负责人:申震

Relationship of training with abnormal posture and spinal curvature disorders in specialized athletes

Peng Hao1, Jiang Yang1, Song Yanping2, Yao Na2, Shen Zhen2, Song Yueyu1, Chen Qigang2   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-29 Accepted:2025-02-17 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2025-09-30
  • Contact: Chen Qigang, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China Co-corresponding author: Shen Zhen, MD, Attending physician, Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Peng Hao, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82360943 (to SZ); Yunnan Province “Xing Dian Young Talent Support Program”, No. XDYC-QNRC-2022-0609 (to SZ); Yunnan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Joint Project, Nos. 202101AZ070001-257 and 202101AZ070001-123 (both to SZ); Yunnan Province Basic Research Special Project, No. 202201AU070120 (to SZ) 

摘要:


文题释义:
专项训练:是一种以运动技能运动学参数、动力学功能特征和生理能量代谢特征高度契合比赛情境的针对性训练方法,通过集中化、高强度和精准量化的训练手段,聚焦于运动员局部技术动作的学习、优化与完善,旨在系统性提升运动员的专项体能和技战术能力。
脊柱曲度紊乱:是指脊柱的自然曲度(颈曲、胸曲和腰曲)发生异常变化或失调,表现为多种形式,如脊柱侧弯、胸椎后凸或腰椎前凸等。

目的:通过系统综述和Meta分析,评估专项运动者身体姿势异常及脊柱曲度紊乱与运动训练之间的关系,为专项运动者脊柱健康管理提供科学依据。
方法:系统检索了CNKI、维普、万方、CBM、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Science数据库自2000年至今有关专项运动者脊柱健康与运动训练相关的中英文文献。3名独立研究者根据预先设定的纳入和排除标准,对文献进行筛选、数据提取和质量评估。采用Review Manager 5.4软件进行数据分析,评估脊柱侧弯发生率、胸椎后凸角度、腰椎前凸角度等结局指标的差异。
结果:共纳入17篇文献,涵盖18项研究,总计48 234名参与者。研究发现,专项运动者群体中脊柱侧弯发生率的比值比为3.52(95%CI:2.18-5.69)。专项运动者的胸椎后凸角度平均升高0.93°(95%CI:0.23-1.62),而腰椎前凸角度平均降低1.95°(95%CI:-2.71至-1.18);此外,躯干倾角平均增加1.57°(95%CI:0.96-2.17),躯干倾斜偏移距离增加10.64 mm(95%CI:3.21-18.06)。
结论:长期专项训练运动者可能面临更高的脊柱疾病风险。应重视不同运动项目、训练方式和个体差异对脊柱健康的影响,制定针对性的预防和干预策略,以降低脊柱疾病的发生率,提高运动者的运动表现和生活质量。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1795-6717(彭皓);https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7574-1684(陈奇刚)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 运动者, 专项训练, 姿势异常, 脊柱曲度紊乱, 胸椎后凸角度, 腰椎前凸角度, 脊柱形态, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between abnormal posture, spinal curvature disorders, and training in specialized athletes through a systematic review and meta-analysis, providing scientific evidence for spinal health management in these athletes. 
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for Chinese and English literature related to spinal health and sports training in specialized athletes from 2000 to the present. Three independent researchers screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed literature quality based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software to evaluate differences in outcomes such as the incidence of scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis angle, and lumbar lordosis angle. 
RESULTS: A total of 17 articles covering 18 studies with 48 234 participants were included. Studies have found that the odds ratio for scoliosis incidence in specialized athletes was 3.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.18-5.69]. The average thoracic kyphosis angle in specialized athletes increased by 0.93° (95% CI: 0.23-1.62), while the lumbar lordosis angle decreased by 1.95° (95% CI: -2.71 to -1.18). Additionally, the average trunk tilt angle increased by 1.57° (95% CI: 0.96-2.17), and the trunk inclination deviation distance increased by 10.64 mm (95% CI: 3.21-18.06). 
CONCLUSION: Long-term specialized training may pose a higher risk of spinal disorders in athletes. It is crucial to consider the impact of different sports, training methods, and individual differences on spinal health, and to develop targeted prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of spinal disorders, thereby enhancing athletes' performance and quality of life.

Key words: athletes, specialized training, abnormal posture, spinal curvature disorders, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, spinal morphology, Meta-analysis

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