中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2671-2680.doi: 10.12307/2026.648

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

免疫细胞在训练诱导应激应答中协同调节炎症反应、肌肉再生和代谢稳态

毛苏杰1,高  洁1,潘壮丽2   

  1. 1哈尔滨体育学院研究生院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150000;2贵州省体育科学研究所(贵州省反兴奋剂中心),贵州省贵阳市  550002
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 接受日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2025-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 潘壮丽,在读博士,助理研究员,贵州省体育科学研究所(贵州省反兴奋剂中心),贵州省贵阳市 550002
  • 作者简介:毛苏杰,男,1995年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,哈尔滨体育学院在读博士,主要从事运动促进健康研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省体育科学研究所自筹项目(TKSKY2024004),项目负责人:潘壮丽

Immune cells synergistically regulate inflammatory response, muscle regeneration and metabolic homeostasis in training-induced stress responses

Mao Sujie1, Gao Jie1, Pan Zhuangli2   

  1. 1Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China; 2Guizhou Institute of Sports Science (Guizhou Anti-Doping Center), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Accepted:2025-06-28 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2025-09-01
  • Contact: Pan Zhuangli, PhD candidate, Assistant researcher, Guizhou Institute of Sports Science (Guizhou Anti-Doping Center), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Mao Sujie, PhD candidate, Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Self-financed Project of Guizhou Institute of Sports Science, No. TKSKY2024004 (to PZL)

摘要:


文题释义:
免疫适应:是在持续运动刺激下,免疫系统针对外界应激产生的动态调节过程,这一过程通常表现为炎症水平逐步下降、免疫细胞功能优化等现象。免疫适应不仅有助于维持免疫稳态,还在肌肉修复、疲劳恢复和感染防御等方面发挥重要作用,是运动训练获得生理收益的关键机制之一。
运动表现:运动表现呈现出个体在特定运动任务中表现出的综合能力,包括耐力、力量、速度以及恢复等多个范畴,测试指标里有最大摄氧量、乳酸阈值、垂直跳高、1RM力量以及运动后心率恢复速度等。运动表现既可以衡量训练的效果,同样为开展免疫功能调节机制研究提供可量化的功能输出指标。

背景:规律的体育运动可以改善免疫功能,促进身体健康。免疫细胞如何通过炎症调节、代谢协同等机制提升运动表现,现有研究尚未形成系统性理论支撑。
目的:梳理免疫细胞在肌肉修复、能量代谢与疲劳恢复中的作用,构建“免疫调控-运动表现”的理论框架。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和中国知网等中英文数据库,围绕运动表现与免疫主题进行系统检索,检索日期截至2025-03-01。筛选近年发表的免疫功能调控运动表现的相关研究与综述文献,结合文献主题归纳与机制分析,探讨免疫运动的协同机制。
结果与结论:运动训练所引发的应激过程中,免疫细胞借助调控炎症反应促进肌纤维恢复,维持代谢的平稳状态;免疫应答的时序性、组织特异性及其与训练负荷的匹配情况,是影响运动能力提升表现的关键因素;免疫系统在运动适应中不仅承担健康防御职能,而且在调控运动表现上也起到关键作用,未来研究应结合细胞组学、空间转录组与免疫代谢学等技术,为制定免疫调节影响训练干预策略提供依据。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-9603(毛苏杰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 运动训练, 免疫功能, 运动表现, 代谢调节, 组织修复, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Regular physical training modulates immune activity and contributes to improved health and physical performance. However, how immune cells enhance athletic performance through inflammatory regulation, metabolic synergy, and other mechanisms has not been systematically theoretically reported.
OBJECTIVE: To sort out the roles of immune cells in muscle repair, energy metabolism and fatigue recovery, and to construct a theoretical framework of “immune regulation-athletic performance.”
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI were searched for literature related to athletic performance and immunity. The search date was until March 1, 2025. Research and review literature related to immune regulation for athletic performance published in recent years was screened, and the synergistic mechanism of immune exercise was explored by combining literature topic summary and mechanism analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the stress stage caused by sports training, immune cells promote muscle fiber recovery and maintain a stable metabolic state by regulating inflammatory response. The timing, tissue specificity and matching of immune responses with training load are key factors affecting the improvement of athletic performance. The immune system not only plays a role in health defense during exercise adaptation, but also plays a key role in regulating athletic performance. Future research should strengthen causal verification of the mechanism chain and promote multi-omics foundations.

Key words: exercise training, immune function, athletic performance, metabolism regulation, tissue repair, review

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