中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2491-2502.doi: 10.12307/2026.611

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带损伤中骨挫伤与联合损伤对功能的影响

张树昂1,黄子帅1,王  健2   

  1. 1山东第一医科大学,山东省济南市  250000;2山东第一医科大学附属省立医院骨关节科,山东省济南市  250000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 接受日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2025-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 王健,博士,主任医师,山东第一医科大学附属省立医院骨关节科,山东省济南市 250000
  • 作者简介:张树昂,男,1998年生,山东省东阿县人,汉族,山东第一医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事运动医学方面的研究。

Functional impacts of bone bruise and combined injuries in anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Zhang Shuang1, Huang Zishuai1, Wang Jian2   

  1. 1Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-10 Accepted:2025-06-28 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2025-08-28
  • Contact: Wang Jian, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Shuang, MS candidate, Physician, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
骨挫伤:在前交叉韧带损伤时由于关节面相互撞击所产生的微观结构损伤,在核磁共振上表现为弥漫性水肿等异常信号。骨挫伤反映了受力分布和能量传递的特点,还提示可能存在半月板和软骨等其他联合损伤。
MRI影像:作为高分辨率软组织成像技术,可精确捕捉关节内骨挫伤以及其他损伤的微小变化。通过定量信号强度和对比度分析,可测定骨挫伤范围与严重程度,为评估膝关节损伤严重性以及生物力学机制等提供了客观、可量化的依据。

背景:膝关节前交叉韧带损伤作为高发运动损伤之一,常合并骨挫伤、半月板损伤及内侧副韧带损伤等,其中骨挫伤是由高能量负荷所导致的骨小梁微细结构损伤,其分布模式与前交叉韧带撕裂定位及膝关节损伤机制间存在特异性关联,然而,针对骨挫伤的分布模式、生物力学机制及其与联合损伤的相关性仍需进一步探索。
目的:探讨前交叉韧带损伤中骨挫伤的分布模式、特征及与损伤机制的联系,同时探讨骨挫伤与其他联合损伤的相关性及对功能的影响,旨在为临床治疗和康复策略的制定提供参考。
方法:第一作者在2024年3月进行首次检索,并在2024年8-10月补充文献,检索PubMed、Embase和中国知网数据库中膝关节骨挫伤的相关研究,检索采用主题词与自由词相结合的方式,英文检索词包括“bone bruise,bone contusion,anterior cruciate ligament,ACL,cartilage damage,meniscus injury,medial collateral ligament,MRI”;中文检索词包括“骨挫伤,骨损伤,前交叉韧带,软骨损伤,半月板损伤,内侧副韧带,磁共振成像,MRI”。文献检索时限为2000-01-01/2024-10-01。
结果与结论:共纳入88篇文献进行综述分析。骨挫伤是前交叉韧带损伤后常见的伴随损伤,主要分布在胫骨外侧平台和股骨外侧髁;骨挫伤的分布模式与前交叉韧带损伤的力学机制密切相关,外翻应力、胫骨前移和内旋被认为是主要的损伤机制;骨挫伤的严重程度通常反映了膝关节在损伤时的力学负荷,与膝关节的松弛度和功能障碍密切相关;骨挫伤的存在常常与联合损伤相关,如半月板损伤、软骨损伤和内侧副韧带损伤;骨挫伤严重程度的增加和联合损伤的存在可能显著降低功能评分,延缓康复进程,影响患者的长期预后。骨挫伤不仅是前交叉韧带损伤的重要影像学表现,也是评估损伤机制、预测联合损伤和膝关节长期预后的关键指标,为精准评估损伤严重程度、制定个体化临床治疗方案提供多方面的生物力学证据。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3650-4838(张树昂);https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1583-3683(王健)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带损伤, 骨挫伤, 半月板损伤, 软骨损伤, 内侧副韧带损伤, 生物力学, MRI

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament injury, one of the most prevalent sports-related injuries, is often accompanied by bone bruises, meniscal tears, and medial collateral ligament damage. Bone bruises, caused by high-energy loading-induced microstructural damage to trabecular bone, exhibit specific distribution patterns that are correlated with anterior cruciate ligament tear locations and knee injury mechanisms. However, further exploration is required to elucidate the distribution patterns, biomechanical mechanisms of bone bruises, and their associations with combined injuries.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution patterns and characteristics of bone bruises in anterior cruciate ligament injuries, their relationship with injury mechanisms, and their correlations with combined injuries and functional outcomes, thereby providing evidence-based insights to formulate clinical treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
METHODS: The first author conducted an initial literature search in March 2024, supplemented by additional searches from August 2024 to October 2024. Databases including PubMed, Embase, and CNKI were queried for studies on knee bone bruises using a combination of subject headings and free-text terms. The search terms included “bone bruise, bone contusion, anterior cruciate ligament, ACL, cartilage damage, meniscus injury, medial collateral ligament, MRI” in English as well as “bone contusion, bone injury, anterior cruciate ligament, cartilage damage, meniscus injury, medial collateral ligament, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI” in Chinese. The search timeframe spanned from January 1, 2000, to October 1, 2024.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 88 articles were selected for analysis. Bone bruises are common concomitant injuries following anterior cruciate ligament damage, predominantly localized in the lateral tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle. Their distribution patterns are closely linked to anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms, with valgus stress, anterior tibial translation, and internal rotation identified as primary contributors. The severity of bone bruises reflects the mechanical load sustained during injury and correlates significantly with knee laxity and functional impairment. Additionally, bone bruises are strongly associated with combined injuries, including meniscal tears, cartilage damage, and medial collateral ligament injuries. Increased bone bruise severity and the presence of combined injuries may markedly reduce functional scores, delay rehabilitation, and adversely affect long-term patient outcomes. Bone bruises serve not only as critical imaging markers of anterior cruciate ligament injuries but also as key indicators for evaluating injury mechanisms, predicting combined injuries, and assessing long-term knee prognosis. These findings provide multifaceted biomechanical evidence to support precise injury severity assessments and individualized clinical management strategies.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, bone bruise, meniscal injury, cartilage injury, medial collateral ligament injury, biomechanics, MRI

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