中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9281-9293.doi: 10.12307/2026.257

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

非凋亡型调节性细胞死亡致缺血性脑卒中神经细胞损伤的机制

苏  旭1,张晓希1,杨娅青1,傅振燚2,刘佳鑫2   

  1. 1昆明医科大学第六附属医院,云南省玉溪市   653100;2昆明理工大学基础医学院,云南省昆明市   650000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08 修回日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘佳鑫,博士,讲师,昆明理工大学基础医学院,云南省昆明市 650000
  • 作者简介:第一作者:苏旭,男,1981年生,云南省玉溪市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事中医内科临床及研究工作。 共同第一作者:张晓希,女,1990年生,云南省玉溪市人,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事中医内科诊疗及研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    昆明理工大学联合专项项目(KUST-KH2023001Y) ,项目负责人:刘佳鑫;云南省中西医结合慢病防治重点实验室项目(YPKLS2024-004),项目负责人:刘佳鑫

Mechanism by which non-apoptotic regulated cell death induces neuronal injury in ischemic stroke

Su Xu1, Zhang Xiaoxi1, Yang Yaqing1, Fu Zhenyi2, Liu Jiaxin2   

  1. 1The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China; 2School of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-08 Revised:2025-11-17 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Liu Jiaxin, MD, Lecturer, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Su Xu, Associate chief physician, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China Zhang Xiaoxi, MS, Attending physician, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan Province, China Su Xu and Zhang Xiaoxi contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Joint Special Project of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. KUST-KH2023001Y (to LJX); Key Laboratory Project of Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Yunnan Province, No. YPKLS2024-004 (to LJX)

摘要:



文题释义:
自噬:又称为Ⅱ型细胞死亡,是一种进化上保守的真核细胞过程,指细胞在自噬相关基因的调控下利用溶酶体降解自身受损细胞器和大分子物质的过程。脑缺血导致蛋白质错误折叠和聚集,并损害几乎所有类型的亚细胞器,包括线粒体、内质网、高尔基体、溶酶体等,不可修复的受损细胞器和不溶性蛋白质聚集体通常通过自噬去除。
铁死亡:是一种与铁依赖性活性氧和脂质过氧化物形成相关的新型调节性细胞死亡。细胞中铁代谢紊乱导致产生过多的铁离子,这些铁离子通过芬顿反应产生大量活性氧,活性氧靶向脂质膜内的多不饱和脂肪酸,产生脂质过氧化物,损害细胞膜的完整性,破坏线粒体活性,最终导致铁死亡。

背景:近年来,非凋亡型调节性细胞死亡参与缺血性脑卒中的发展已成为研究热点。
目的:总结现阶段自噬、铁死亡、铜死亡、双硫死亡、坏死性凋亡、细胞焦亡等非凋亡型调节性细胞死亡亚程序在缺血性脑卒中神经细胞损伤中发挥的作用及作用机制。
方法:通过中国知网和PubMed数据库检索有关非凋亡型调节性细胞死亡与缺血性脑卒中的文献,英文检索词为“ischemic stroke,regulated cell death,autophagy,ferroptosis, cuproptosis,disulfidptosis,necroptosis, pyroptosis,alkaliptosis,oxeiptosis,parthanatos,mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis,neutrophil extracellular trap-related death,lysosome-dependent cell death,immunogenic cell death,anoikis”,中文检索词为“缺血性脑卒中,调节性细胞死亡,铁死亡,坏死性凋亡,自噬,焦亡,铜死亡,双硫死亡,碱死亡,氧死亡,聚ADP核糖聚合酶1依赖性细胞死亡,溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡,失巢凋亡,线粒体通透性转变驱动的坏死,免疫原性细胞死亡,中性粒细胞胞外陷阱相关死亡”。根据入选标准,最终纳入176篇文献进行分析总结。
结果与结论:非凋亡型调节性细胞死亡的调控机制主要包括自噬、铁死亡、失巢凋亡、铜死亡、双硫死亡、坏死性凋亡、焦亡、氧死亡、碱死亡、聚ADP核糖聚合酶1依赖性细胞死亡、线粒体通透性转换驱动的坏死、中性粒细胞胞外陷阱相关死亡、溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡和免疫原性细胞死亡。自噬对缺血性脑卒中神经细胞损伤起到双重调控作用,在缺血条件下自噬发挥神经细胞保护作用,而再灌注阶段的过度自噬可导致神经细胞死亡。铁死亡可通过铁过载、脂质过氧化加重缺血性脑卒中神经细胞损伤,铜死亡可通过调控蛋白铁氧还蛋白1调节谷胱甘肽诱导铁死亡,双硫死亡和铁死亡之间存在部分串扰,在葡萄糖匮乏的条件下,溶质载体家族7成员11的上调会消耗还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸,导致二硫键化合物异常积累,促进神经细胞双硫死亡的发生。坏死性凋亡的重要参与者混合系激酶结构域样假激酶也与细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3炎症小体的激活有关,在缺血性脑卒中坏死性凋亡发生期间进一步促进神经细胞焦亡。缺血性脑卒中的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱相关死亡主要是由瓜氨酸化、应激触发中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成以及释放各种细胞毒性蛋白酶介导的炎症反应引起的。免疫原性细胞死亡等其他新兴亚型以多种特异性方式造成缺血性脑卒中的神经细胞损伤。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6815-2013 (苏旭)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 缺血性脑卒中, 调节性细胞死亡, 铜死亡, 双硫死亡, 铁死亡, 自噬, 神经细胞, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the involvement of non-apoptotic regulated cell death in the development of ischemic stroke has become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the roles and action mechanisms of non-apoptotic regulated cell death subroutines such as autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in the neuronal damage caused by ischemic stroke.
METHODS: Relevant literature on non-apoptotic regulated cell death and ischemic stroke was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases. The search terms included “ischemic stroke, regulated cell death, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, parthanatos, mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, neutrophil extracellular trap-related death, lysosome-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, anoikis” in both Chinese and English. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 176 articles were selected for analysis and summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The regulatory mechanisms of non-apoptotic regulated cell death mainly include autophagy, ferroptosis, anoikis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxeiptosis, alkaliptosis, parthanatos, mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, neutrophil extracellular trap-related death, lysosome-dependent cell death, and immunogenic cell death. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in the damage of neural cells caused by ischemic stroke. Under ischemic conditions, autophagy exerts a protective effect on neural cells, while in the reperfusion stage, excessive autophagy can lead to the death of neural cells. Ferroptosis can promote the damage of neural cells in ischemic stroke through iron overload and lipid peroxidation. The cuproptosis regulatory ferredoxin-1 protein can induce ferroptosis by regulating glutathione. There is partial crosstalk between disulfidptosis and ferroptosis. Under conditions of glucose deficiency, the upregulation of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) will consume nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), leading to abnormal accumulation of disulfide compounds and promoting the occurrence of neural cell disulfidptosis. Necroptosis, an important participant, is also related to the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a protein-related protein of pyroptosis, and can further promote pyroptosis of neural cells during the occurrence of necroptosis in ischemic stroke. The neutrophil extracellular trap-related death associated with ischemic stroke mainly occurs through citrullination and the formation of stress-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps, mediated by various cytotoxic proteases, leading to an inflammatory response. Other emerging subtypes of immunogenic cell death cause damage to neural cells in ischemic stroke in various specific ways.


Key words: ischemic stroke, regulated cell death, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, neural cell, review

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