中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (31): 5078-5084.doi: 10.12307/2024.719

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

肿瘤类器官在精准肺癌药物筛选中的研发与进展

刘继伟,刘伟慈,毛文君   

  1. 南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院胸外科,南京医科大学无锡医学中心,江苏省无锡市   214023
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11 接受日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2024-11-08 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 毛文君,博士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院胸外科,江苏省无锡市 214023
  • 作者简介:刘继伟,男,2000年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事肺癌相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20210068),项目负责人:毛文君;无锡市“双百”医疗卫生中青年后备拔尖人才项目(HB2020003),项目负责人:毛文君;无锡市卫健委重大项目(Z202216),项目负责人:毛文君;南京医科大学无锡医学中心一般项目(WMCG202305),项目负责人:毛文君

Research, development and advance in precise screening of lung cancer drugs with tumor organoids

Liu Jiwei, Liu Weici, Mao Wenjun   

  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-09-11 Accepted:2023-10-25 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-01-23
  • Contact: Mao Wenjun, PhD, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jiwei, Master candidate, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Youth Project), No. BK20210068 (to MWJ); Wuxi “Double Hundred” Medical and Health Young Talents Project, No. HB2020003 (to MWJ); Mega-Project of Wuxi Commission of Health, No. Z202216 (to MWJ); the Project of Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, No. WMCG202305 (to MWJ)

摘要:


文题释义:

肺癌类器官:是一种将肺癌患者自身的癌细胞经体外培养获得的、能够保留原发肿瘤生物学特征的3D肿瘤组织结构,可作为一种新型实验模型,用于研究肺癌的发生发展机制,或应用于抗肺癌药物的筛选,指导临床实践,推动癌症精准医疗进一步发展。
精准医疗:是一种新兴的医学概念和医疗模式,旨在根据个体内在的生物学信息,通过医学前沿技术更精确、有效地预测疾病风险、诊断疾病,提供个性化医疗方案和监测治疗进展。相比传统治疗,精准医疗更加注重患者的特异性,强调同病异治。


背景:肺癌是全世界最常见且预后最差的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率长期位居恶性肿瘤前列。肺癌的异质性和耐药问题是导致其预后较差的原因之一。肺癌类器官是由患者来源的肿瘤细胞培养成的体外3D模型,可精准还原原发肿瘤的生物学特征,可用于肺癌的各项研究。

目的:综述肺癌类器官在化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗药物敏感性检测中的应用和研究进展,分析其局限性,为推进肺癌的个性化精准医疗提供新的策略。
方法:第一作者于2023年7月应用计算机在中国知网和PubMed数据库进行文献检索,文献发表时间为2013-2023年,以“类器官,肺癌类器官,肺癌实验模型,精准医疗,药物敏感性检测,化疗,靶向治疗,免疫治疗”为中文检索词,以“organoid,lung cancer organoid,lung cancer experimental model,precision medicine,drug sensitivity test,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy”为英文检索词,最终纳入84篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①相较于传统肺癌研究模型仅能展现二维层面的细胞活动、缺乏细胞间交流互动及存在物种差异等缺陷,肺癌类器官培养细胞来源多样,培养介质不断被优化,能够从三维层面模拟细胞间互动的同时也能保留原发肿瘤的生物学特征,是一种拥有巨大潜力的新型研究模型,为支持其用于抗癌药物筛选提供了坚实基础。②肺癌类器官预测结果与患者实际临床结局高度一致,初步展现出对于指导抗癌用药的重要辅助意义:通过对常见化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗药物进行疗效预测和筛选,为患者定制个体化治疗策略;可避免不必要的药物试错和毒副反应;探索可行的替代药物或联合用药方案以改善耐药问题;指导罕见突变类型肺癌的精准治疗,弥补临床空白;通过比较不同药物活性,提供更加全面的药物评价。此外,需注意类器官可能出现内部异质性,故应尽可能多次取材检测,以提高结果的准确性。③肺癌类器官在药物筛选等实际应用中存在局限,如培养成功率及纯度不稳定、缺乏血管组织等。为弥补这些不足,需要改进培养条件、加速检测流程,以及发展多类器官系统,模拟药物在多个器官内的整体效应,这些改进将有助于更准确地评估药物的效果和毒性,提高肺癌治疗的精准性。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9213-8343(刘继伟);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-9749(毛文君)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 肺癌, 类器官, 精准医疗, 个性化治疗, 抗癌药物筛选, 化疗, 靶向治疗, 免疫治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with the worst prognosis worldwide. Its incidence rate and mortality rate have long been among the top of malignant tumors. The heterogeneity and drug resistance are among the reasons contributing to its poor prognosis. Lung cancer organoid, which is a 3D in vitro model cultured from patient-derived tumor cells recapitulating the biological characteristics of the primary tumor, can be used for various researches of lung cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application and research progress of lung cancer organoids in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy drug sensitivity screening, analyze its limitations, aiming to provide new strategies for personalized and precision medicine of lung cancer.
METHODS: The first author searched relevant articles published from 2013 to 2023 in CNKI and PubMed in July 2023. The search terms were “organoid, lung cancer organoid, lung cancer experimental model, precision medicine, drug sensitivity test, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy” in Chinese and English. Finally, a total of 84 articles were incorporated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with traditional lung cancer research models, which can only demonstrate two-dimensional cell activities, lack cell-to-cell interactions, and suffer from species differences, lung cancer organoids offer a diverse cell source and continuously optimized culture conditions. They can simulate cellular interactions in a three-dimensional context while retaining the biological characteristics of the original tumor. These organoids represent a promising research model with significant potential, providing a solid foundation for their use in cancer drug screening. (2) Lung cancer organoids have shown preliminary significance in guiding anticancer drug selection. Their predictive outcomes align closely with actual clinical outcomes, marking a pivotal step towards precision in lung cancer treatment. By assessing the efficacy of common chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy drugs, these organoids enable the customization of individualized treatment strategies, reducing unnecessary drug trials and toxic and side reaction while exploring possible alternative drugs or combination regimens for drug resistance issues so as to guide the precision treatment of rare mutated lung cancer and fill the clinical gap. A more comprehensive drug evaluation is provided by comparing the activity of different drugs. Additionally, it is essential to consider the internal heterogeneity of organoids, emphasizing the importance of multiple sampling to enhance result accuracy. (3) Lung cancer organoids have limitations in practical applications such as inconsistent success rates and purity in cultivation and the lack of vascular tissue. To address these shortcomings, improvements are needed in cultivation conditions, expedited testing processes, and the development of multi-organ systems to simulate the overall effects of drugs in multiple organs. These enhancements will contribute to a more accurate assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity, thereby enhancing the precision of lung cancer treatment.

Key words: lung cancer, organoids, precision medicine, personalized treatment, anti-cancer drug screening, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

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