中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (26): 4257-4264.doi: 10.12307/2024.452

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

心率变异性生物反馈调节自主神经系统的机制及应用

王  昊1,王文迪1,吴东哲1,高晓嶙1,时永进2   

  1. 1国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京市  100061;2中国农业大学体育与艺术部,北京市  100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-25 接受日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2023-10-07
  • 通讯作者: 高晓嶙,博士,研究员,国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京市 100061 时永进,副教授,中国农业大学体育与艺术部,北京市 100083
  • 作者简介:王昊,男,1998年生,山东省济宁市人,汉族,国家体育总局体育科学研究所在读硕士,主要从事运动与慢病防治研究。 王文迪,女,1998年生,江苏省人,维吾尔族,国家体育总局体育科学研究所在读硕士,主要从事运动与慢病防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本23-04,基本23-50),项目负责人:高晓嶙

The mechanism and application of heart rate variability biofeedback regulation of the autonomic nervous system

Wang Hao1, Wang Wendi1, Wu Dongzhe1, Gao Xiaolin1, Shi Yongjin2   

  1. 1Institute of Sports Science, State General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100061, China; 2Department of Physical Education and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2023-06-25 Accepted:2023-08-14 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2023-10-07
  • Contact: Gao Xiaolin, PhD, Researcher, Institute of Sports Science, State General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100061, China Shi Yongjin, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • About author:Wang Hao, Master candidate, Institute of Sports Science, State General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100061, China Wang Wendi, Master candidate, Institute of Sports Science, State General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100061, China
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Fund of the Institute of Sports Science, General Administration of Sport of China, Nos. Basic 23-04 and Basic 23-50 (to GXL)

摘要:


文题释义:

心率变异性生物反馈:是基于心血管系统的共振特性,采用共振频率下的深慢呼吸方式在心血管系统中引起有节奏的高幅度振荡,从而刺激和锻炼自主神经反射及压力反射的一种呼吸训练方式,故又称共振呼吸。

自主神经系统包括两个主要分支,即与能量动员相关的交感系统及与营养和恢复功能相关的副交感系统。正常情况下自主神经系统两个分支处于平衡状态,维持人体正常节律、情绪及生理活动等方面。交感神经和副交感神经平衡是维持相对稳定的内部环境的基本前提,自主神经的失衡可能直接或间接地影响机体潜在疾病,或加剧其进程。


背景:心率变异性生物反馈是采用共振频率下的深慢呼吸方式在心血管系统中引起有节奏的高幅度振荡,从而刺激和锻炼自主神经反射及压力反射的一种呼吸训练方式。然而,目前的研究尚未系统综述心率变异性生物反馈是如何调节自主神经功能并产生作用的。研究者们对心率变异性生物反馈的机制缺乏全面认识,且对其应用进展及方案尚不完全清楚。

目的:对国内外现有的心率变异性生物反馈对不同人群症状影响的试验研究进行梳理,介绍心率变异性生物反馈调节自主神经系统的机制及应用进展。
方法:以“心率变异性生物反馈,共振呼吸,自主神经,心率变异性,生物反馈,呼吸训练”“Heart rate variability biofeedback,Resonance breathing,Heart rate variability,Autonomic nerve,Breathing training,Chronic diseases,Mental illness,biofeedback”等为检索词在中国知网、万方、PubMed及Web of Science等文献数据库进行检索,根据纳入和排除标准共获得相关文献75篇。

结果与结论: ①机体的振荡系统与共振系统是心率变异性生物反馈产生作用的前提,振荡反映了外部刺激和自身调节的反射系统的运作,共振则是两个系统的同步振荡引起更高的振幅运作。②交感神经和副交感神经平衡是维持稳定的内环境的前提,自主神经系统紊乱会伴随心率变异性降低并与相关疾病的进展密切相关。心率变异性生物反馈是基于心血管系统的共振特性,以共振频率下的深慢呼吸方式在心血管系统中引起有节奏的高幅度振荡,改善交感和副交感系统反射的调节功能,增强两个系统之间的平衡调节。③心血管系统共振的两个主要机制是压力反射闭环通路和呼吸性窦性心律失常,两个机制以及压力反射特有的延迟共同作用导致在共振频率节奏的呼吸时,心率与呼吸呈现0°相位角的振荡,血压与呼吸呈现180°相位角振荡,是一种易操作、效果好的周期性刺激人体心血管振荡系统的训练方法。④目前心率变异性生物反馈大多应用于心理疾病、慢病以及体育领域,但其存在干预机制及功效不清,干预内容、干预频率及干预时间存在差异,未有研究针对不同类型人群对应的干预方式做相关综述研究。⑤心率变异性生物反馈作为一种非药物、非侵入性的干预手段,可以显著提高心率变异性,调节交感神经与副交感神经平衡,改善自主神经系统的稳定性和弹性。未来建议探索其诱发心血管共振通路的机制与应用情况,添加长期随访,以评估其在不同领域中的长期应用价值,为一些复杂疾病的综合治疗提供新的方向和策略。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3710-2439(王昊);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-6209(王文迪);
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-7269(高晓嶙)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 心率变异性生物反馈, 共振呼吸, 自主神经, 心率变异性, 生物反馈, 呼吸训练, 慢呼吸, 应激, 身心健康, 生理调节

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability biofeedback is a respiratory training method that uses slow and deep breathing at the resonant frequency to induce rhythmic, high-amplitude oscillations in the cardiovascular system, thereby stimulating and exercising the autonomic and baroreflex. However, current studies have not systematically reviewed how heart rate variability biofeedback modulates the autonomic function and produces effects. There is a lack of public understanding of the mechanism of heart rate variability biofeedback, and its application progress and scheme are not fully understood.
OBJECTIVE: To review the existing experimental studies on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on symptoms in different populations at home and abroad and to introduce the mechanisms and advances in the application of heart rate variability biofeedback to modulate the autonomic nervous system.
METHODS: “Heart rate variability biofeedback, resonance breathing, heart rate variability, autonomic nerve, breathing training, chronic diseases, mental illness, biofeedback” were used as Chinese or English keywords to search in CNKI, WanFang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science. A total of 72 core related papers were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The body’s oscillation system and resonance system are essential for the effectiveness of heart rate variability biofeedback. Oscillations reflect the response to external stimuli and self-regulating reflex systems, while resonances involve synchronous oscillations that result in higher amplitude operations. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment. Autonomic nervous system disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability and are closely linked to the progression of related diseases. Heart rate variability biofeedback utilizes the resonance characteristics of the cardiovascular system, inducing rhythmic high-amplitude oscillations by employing deep slow breathing at the resonance frequency. This method improves the regulatory function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system reflexes and enhances the balance regulation between the two systems. Two major mechanisms of cardiovascular system resonance are the baroreflex closed-loop pathway and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. These mechanisms, along with the unique delay of baroreflex, result in a 0° phase angle oscillation between heart rate and respiration and a 180° phase angle oscillation between blood pressure and respiration during breathing at the resonant frequency rhythm. Periodically stimulating the human cardiovascular oscillation system through this method is an easy-to-operate and effective training approach. Currently, heart rate variability biofeedback is mainly applied in the fields of mental illness, chronic disease, and sports. However, the intervention mechanism and efficacy are unclear, the intervention content, frequency and duration are varied, and there are limited review studies on the intervention methods tailored to different types of individuals. As a non-drug and non-invasive intervention, heart rate variability biofeedback can significantly increase heart rate variability, regulate the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and improve the stability and adaptability of the autonomic nervous system. In the future, it is suggested to investigate the mechanisms and potential applications of the pathways of the heart rate variability biofeedback that induce cardiovascular resonance. It is also recommended to incorporate long-term follow-ups to assess the sustained value of heart rate variability biofeedback in various fields. This would provide new directions and strategies for the comprehensive treatment of complex diseases.

Key words: heart rate variability biofeedback, resonant breathing, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, biofeedback, respiratory training, slow breathing, stress, physical and mental health, regulation of physiology

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