中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 186-192.doi: 10.12307/2024.204

• 血管组织构建 vascular tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

CXCL5通过诱导血管钙化参与颈动脉斑块的形成

亓  明,王  磊,张  振   

  1. 大连医科大学附属第一医院血管外科,辽宁省大连市  116021
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-31 接受日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2023-06-29
  • 作者简介:亓明,男,1978年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,博士,主任医师,主要从事颈动脉粥样硬化与内皮间质化方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GZ21104)

CXCL5 participates in carotid plaque formation by inducing vascular calcification

Qi Ming, Wang Lei, Zhang Zhen   

  1. Department of Vascular Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2023-01-31 Accepted:2023-03-14 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2023-06-29
  • About author:Qi Ming, MD, Chief physician, Department of Vascular Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    State Key Laboratory Open Fund of China, No. GZ21104

摘要:

文题释义:

血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs):作为动脉中膜的主要细胞,维持着抗钙化的微环境,其转骨分化是血管钙化的决定性因素。血管平滑肌细胞通过产生局部促钙化环境,为钙和磷酸盐沉淀以及磷酸钙晶体生长提供成核位点,进而启动并促进钙化。
CXC基序趋化因子5(CXC-motif chemokine 5,CXCL5):为上皮细胞衍生的中性粒细胞激活肽,是一种CXC趋化因子,可与G蛋白偶联受体CXCR2结合,并激活下游转化生长因子β受体1。研究表明,CXCL5与多种临床疾病有关,包括肥胖、糖尿病、亚临床动脉粥样硬化和急性冠状动脉综合征。


背景:CXC基序趋化因子5(CXC-motif chemokine 5,CXCL5)为上皮细胞衍生的中性粒细胞激活肽,研究发现其可能参与动脉病变。然而,CXCL5在血管钙化中的作用未见报道。

目的:探讨CXCL5在颈动脉粥样硬化的血管钙化中的作用。
方法:①细胞实验:将小鼠血管平滑肌细胞分成以下各组:成骨培养基组,Vector组(空白质粒转染到细胞中),CXCL5组(CXCL5质粒转染到细胞中),si-NC组(CXCL5阴性对照siRNA转染到细胞中),si-CXCL5组(CXCL5 siRNA转染到细胞中),Vector+LY2157299组和CXCL5+LY2157299组(细胞转染24 h后,将转化生长因子β受体1激酶抑制剂LY2157299加入细胞中)。进行茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色和钙含量测定以评估血管平滑肌细胞成骨分化水平。②动物实验:48只ApoE-/-小鼠随机分成4组:Con+si-NC组、Con+si-CXCL5组、CAS+si-NC组和CAS+si-CXCL5组,前2组不造模,尾静脉注射si-NC或si-CXCL5慢病毒;后2组制备颈动脉粥样硬化模型,尾静脉注射si-NC或si-CXCL5慢病毒。采用Von Kossa染色和免疫组织化学染色评估小鼠颈动脉血管钙化以及CXCL5、转化生长因子β受体1表达情况。

结果与结论:①CXCL5组细胞Runt相关转录因子2蛋白水平上调、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白水平下调,si-CXCL5组中的发现与其相反;CXCL5过表达上调了转化生长因子β受体1水平,而CXCL5敲低抑制了转化生长因子β受体1水平。②与Vector组相比,CXCL5组细胞茜素红染色的强度、碱性磷酸酶活性和钙含量显著增加(P < 0.05);与si-NC组相比,si-CXCL5组上述2项指标显著降低(P < 0.05);当用LY2157299抑制转化生长因子β受体1表达时,CXCL5对平滑肌细胞的成骨转化作用减弱。③与Con+si-NC组相比,CAS+si-NC组大鼠颈动脉中CXCL5蛋白表达和血管钙化面积显著增加(P < 0.05);与CAS+si-NC组相比,CAS+si-CXCL5组颈动脉中上述2项指标显著降低(P < 0.05)。④与Con+si-NC组相比,CAS+si-NC组大鼠颈动脉中Runt相关转录因子2蛋白表达显著增加(P < 0.05)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达显著降低(P < 0.05);与CAS+si-NC组相比,CAS+si-CXCL5组颈动脉中上述2项指标呈相反变化(P < 0.05)。⑤结果说明,CXCL5通过激活转化生长因子β受体1通路诱导血管平滑肌细胞成骨样转化,抑制CXCL5表达对于改善颈动脉粥样硬化小鼠颈动脉血管钙化是有效的。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2063-9057(亓明)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: CXC基序趋化因子5, 颈动脉粥样硬化, 血管钙化, 血管平滑肌细胞, 转化生长因子β受体1

Abstract: BACKGROUND: CXC motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) is a neutrophil activating peptide derived from epithelial cells, which may be involved in arterial diseases. However, there is yet no report on the effect of CXCL5 in vascular calcification.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of CXCL5 in the vascular calcification of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS).
METHODS: (1) Cytological experiment: Mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were divided into five groups: osteogenic medium group, Vector group (vector, blank plasmid transfected into VSMCs), CXCL5 group (CXCL5 plasmid transfected into VSMCs), si-NC group (CXCL5 negative control siRNA transfected into VSMCs), si-CXCL5 group (CXCL5 siRNA transfected into VSMCs), Vector+LY2157299 group and CXCL5+LY2157299 group (LY2157299 transferred into the cells 24 hours after cell transfection). Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, and calcium content determination were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation level of VSMCs. (2) Animal experiment: Forty-eight ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group): Con+si-NC group, Con+si-CXCL5 group, CAS+si-NC group and CAS+si-CXCL5 group. Animal models were not prepared in the first two groups, in which si-NC or si-CXCL5 lentivirus was injected into the tail vein; carotid atherosclerosis models were made in the latter two groups, in which si-NC or si-CXCL5 lentivirus was injected into the tail vein. Von Kossa staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate carotid vascular calcification and the expression of CXCL5 and transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in mice. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the CXCL5 group, the protein level of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was up-regulated and the level of α-smooth muscle actin was down-regulated, in contrary to the findings in the si-CXCL5 group. In addition, CXCL5 overexpression upregulated the level of TGFBR1, while CXCL5 knockdown inhibited the level of TGFBR1. Compared with the Vector group, the intensity of alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content in the CXCL5 group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the intensity of alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content in the si-CXCL5 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). When LY2157299 inhibited TGFBR1 expression, the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs induced by CXCL5 was reduced. Compared with the Con+si-NC group, the expression of CXCL5 protein in the carotid artery and calcification area in the CAS+si-NC group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the CAS+si-NC group, the expression of CXCL5 protein in the carotid artery and vascular calcification area in the CAS+si-CXCL5 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the Con+si-NC group, the expression of RUNX2 protein in the carotid artery in the CAS+si-NC group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the expression of α-smooth muscle actin protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the CAS+si-NC group, the expression of RUNX2 protein in the carotid artery in CAS+si-CXCL5 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the expression of α-smooth muscle actin protein increased significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CXCL5 can induce osteogenic transformation of VSMCs by activating the TGFBR1 pathway, and inhibition of CXCL5 expression is effective in improving carotid arterial calcification in CAS mice.

Key words: CXC motif chemokine 5, carotid atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, vascular smooth muscle cell, transforming growth factor-β receptor 1

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