中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (24): 3920-3925.doi: 10.12307/2023.533

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

血管冷冻保护剂的临床应用

王  鐥,王  成,史业弘   

  1. 遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院,广东省珠海市  519100
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-11 接受日期:2022-10-12 出版日期:2023-08-28 发布日期:2023-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 王成,副主任医师,遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院,广东省珠海市 519100
  • 作者简介:王鐥,男,1995 年生,重庆市人,土家族,2023 年遵义医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事创面修复与再生学研究。

Clinical application of vascular cryoprotectants

Wang Shan, Wang Cheng, Shi Yehong   

  1. The Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-08-11 Accepted:2022-10-12 Online:2023-08-28 Published:2023-01-19
  • Contact: Wang Cheng, Associate chief physician, The Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Shan, Master, The Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

深低温冻存:深低温保存是通过使用极低的温度(-80 ℃或-196 ℃)实现器官、组织、细胞和其他生物材料长期保存的一项基本而重要的技术。在此温度条件下,活细胞内的生物和化学反应显著减少甚至停止,这是实现各种生物样品长期保存的根本机制。该技术已发展成为细胞治疗、组织工程、辅助生殖和疫苗储存等生物医学应用的基础和重要支撑方法。
冷冻保护剂:是一类可以防止或减少因冷冻和/或解冻而造成损害的试剂,可以抑制冰核化、促进玻璃化转变、帮助保持质膜的完整性或稳定蛋白质的天然结构。冷冻保护剂根据其是否穿透细胞膜通常分为两大类型——渗透性和非渗透性。

背景:冷冻保存的同种异体血管在血管移植修复中蕴藏着广泛的临床应用前景。深低温冻存是实现同种异体血管长期保存的常用方法。在低温保存过程中,有效的冷冻保护剂对于防止血管组织低温损伤和保持细胞活力至关重要,但对于最佳保护剂的选择并未达成共识。
目的:总结近年来各大血管组织库中使用的冷冻保护剂,比较其临床应用效果,以期为将来深低温冻存同种异体血管的应用提供参考。
方法:由第一作者检索中国知网、万方、PubMed和Google Scholar数据库2015-2022年发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“同种异体血管,动脉,静脉,深低温冻存,冷冻保护剂,冷冻损伤,血管移植”,英文检索关键词为“cryopreservation,blood vessels,vascular allografts,arteries,veins,cryoinjury,cryoprotectants,cryoprotective agents”,检索国内外有关应用于临床的血管冷冻保护剂及其近远期结果的相关文献,最终选取54篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①在血管的深低温冻存研究中,常使用包含渗透性和非渗透性的冷冻保护剂组合,通过程序性降温及快速解冻的方法减轻对血管壁结构的损伤。②尽管二甲基亚砜(DMSO)具有毒性作用,但在许多国家的组织库产品清单中不包括任何单独用DMSO以外的冷冻保护剂冷冻保存的心血管组织。目前深低温冻存同种异体血管用于血管移植后仍然有不少临床并发症的发生,有些甚至是致命的。③DMSO作为保护剂中必不可少的成分,如何平衡其毒性作用与保护效果至关重要,并且寻找安全无毒、无异种抗原的新型冷冻保护剂是目前研究的主要方向,对推动同种异体血管移植物临床应用的发展具有重要意义。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-8384(王鐥)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程




关键词: 同种异体血管, 深低温冻存, 冷冻保护剂, 冷冻损伤, 血管移植, 移植物感染, 原位重建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryopreserved allogeneic blood vessels have broad clinical application prospects in vascular transplantation and repair. Cryopreservation is a common method to achieve long-term preservation of allogeneic blood vessels. During cryopreservation, effective cryoprotectants are essential to prevent vascular tissue hypothermia damage and maintain cell viability. However, there is no consensus on the choice of the best cryoprotectant.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the cryoprotectants used in major vascular tissue banks in recent years and compare their clinical effects, thereby providing a reference for the application of cryopreservation of allogeneic blood vessels in the future.
METHODS: The relevant literature included in CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 2015 to 2022 was retrieved by the first author. The Chinese search terms were “allogeneic blood vessels, artery, vein, cryopreservation, cryoprotective agent, cryoinjury, vascular transplantation.” The English search terms were “cryopreservation, blood vessels, vascular allografts, arteries, veins, cryoinjury, cryoprotectants, cryoprotective agents.” The relevant literature at home and abroad on vascular cryoprotectants used in clinic and their short-term and long-term results were searched. Finally, 54 articles were selected for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the study of cryopreservation of blood vessels, a combination of permeable and non-permeable cryoprotectant is often used to reduce damage to the structure of the vessel wall through programmed cooling and rapid thawing. (2) Despite the toxic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, tissue bank product lists in many countries do not include any cardiovascular tissue cryopreserved with cryoprotectant other than dimethyl sulfoxide alone. At present, there are still many clinical complications after cryopreservation of allogeneic blood vessels for vascular transplantation, and some are even fatal. (3) As an essential component of protective agent, dimethyl sulfoxide is very important to balance its toxic effect and protective effect. Finding a new type of cryoprotectant that is safe, non-toxic and free of xenogeneic antigens is the main direction of current research, which is very important for the clinical development of allogeneic vascular grafts.

Key words: vascular allograft, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryoinjury, vascular transplantation, graft infection, in situ replacement

中图分类号: