中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (18): 2801-2806.doi: 10.12307/2022.684

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

寰枢椎后路钉棒系统交叉棒固定及平行棒固定的生物力学稳定性

王大天1,邱  锋2   

  1. 1海南省中医院,海南省海口市   570000;2普宁华侨医院骨科,广东省普宁市   515300
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-22 接受日期:2021-10-30 出版日期:2022-06-28 发布日期:2022-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 邱锋,硕士,主治医师,普宁华侨医院骨科,广东省普宁市 515300
  • 作者简介:王大天,男,1988年生,海南省定安县人,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    海南省临床医学中心建设项目(琼卫医函[2021]276号),项目参与人:王大天

Biomechanical stability of crossed-rod fixation and parallel-rod fixation of atlantoaxial posterior screw-rod system

Wang Datian1, Qiu Feng2   

  1. 1Hainan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou 570000, Hainan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Puning Overseas Chinese Hospital, Puning 515300, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-09-22 Accepted:2021-10-30 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-01-29
  • Contact: Qiu Feng, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Puning Overseas Chinese Hospital, Puning 515300, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Datian, Master, Attending physician, Hainan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou 570000, Hainan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Hainan Provincial Clinical Medical Center Construction Project, No. [2021]276 (to WDT)

摘要:

文题释义:
寰枢椎不稳:创伤、感染、肿瘤、先天性和后天性的畸形都会导致寰枢椎不稳,使患者出现剧烈疼痛、活动障碍、神经损伤,甚至死亡。坚强的内固定是治疗寰枢椎失稳的有效方式。
平行棒固定:寰枢椎后路钉棒固定系统连接棒连接的一种常规方式,即为寰椎左侧螺钉连接枢椎左侧螺钉,寰椎右侧螺钉连接枢椎右侧螺钉。
交叉棒固定:寰枢椎后路钉棒固定系统连接棒连接的一种新型连接方式,即为寰椎左侧螺钉连接枢椎右侧螺钉,寰椎右侧螺钉连接枢椎左侧螺钉。

背景:前期研究证明交叉棒在由C1椎弓根螺钉与C2一侧椎弓根螺钉/另一侧椎板螺钉组成的寰枢椎后路钉棒系统中能增加其旋转稳定性。因此推测,寰枢椎后路交叉棒固定可能是一种简单有效的新型内固定结构框架,无论是在与C2双侧椎板螺钉还是双侧椎弓根螺钉组成的钉-棒系统中,交叉棒的连接方式与传统平行棒相比较,都可能进一步增强其结构的生物力学稳定性。
目的:评价C1双侧椎弓根螺钉分别和C2双侧椎弓根螺钉、C2双侧椎板螺钉组成钉-棒系统的生物力学稳定性。
方法:6例新鲜寰枢椎脱位标本,完成完整状态和失稳状态的测量后,每一例标本均置入C1双侧椎弓根螺钉、C2双侧椎板螺钉、C2双侧椎弓根螺钉,按顺序分别测量C2双侧椎板螺钉平行棒固定、C2双侧椎板螺钉交叉棒固定、C2双侧椎弓根螺钉平行棒固定和C2双侧椎弓根螺钉交叉棒固定的后伸前屈、左/右侧屈、左/右旋转活动度。
结果与结论:①4种内固定方式在屈伸、侧屈、旋转方向上,与正常状态下和失稳状态下相比较,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②C2双侧椎弓根螺钉组成的钉-棒系统,无论是交叉棒还是平行棒连接方式,稳定性均强于由C2双侧椎板螺钉组成的钉-棒系统;③而交叉棒固定可增强由C2双侧椎板螺钉组成的钉-棒系统的后伸、左/右侧屈、左/右旋转的稳定性,以及由C2双侧椎弓根螺钉组成的钉-棒系统在旋转方向上的稳定性;④因此交叉棒固定方式可进一步提升寰枢椎后路钉棒系统的生物力学稳定性,可作为临床应用的选择。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6680-3824 (王大天) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 寰枢椎不稳, 寰枢固定, 交叉棒, 平行棒, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Preliminary study has shown that the crossed rod fixation of the short segment screw rod fixation system composed of C1 bilateral pedicle screws and C2 unilateral lamina screw can increase its axial rotation stability. Therefore, posterior atlantoaxial crossed rod fixation may be a simple and effective new internal fixation framework. Whether in the screw rod system composed of C2 bilateral lamina screws or bilateral pedicle screws, the connection mode of crossed rod may further enhance the biomechanical stability of its structure compared with the traditional parallel rod.  
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of the fixation technique for the crossed rod and parallel rod by the C1 bilateral pedicle screws combined with C2 bilateral lamina screws or bilateral pedicle screws.
METHODS:  Six fresh adult craniocervical specimens were used to test the biomechanical stability. Following intact state and under destabilization testing, C1 bilateral pedicle screws, C2 bilateral lamina screws and bilateral pedicle screws were implanted in each specimen. The specimens were then tested in the following sequence: C2 bilateral laminar screws + parallel rod, C2 bilateral laminar screws + crossed rod, C2 bilateral pedicle screws + parallel rod, and C2 bilateral pedicle screws + crossed rod. The ranges of motion of the C1-2 segments were measured in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The four fixed modes significantly increased stability compared with both the intact and destabilization group in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation (P < 0.05). (2) When C2 was implanted with bilateral pedicle screws, whether crossed rod or parallel rod connection was stronger than that composed of C2 bilateral lamina screws. (3) The crossed rod fixation could enhance the stability of the internal fixation system composed of C2 bilateral lamina screws in extension, lateral flexion and rotation, and the stability of the screw rod system composed of C2 bilateral pedicle screws in the direction of rotation. (4) Therefore, crossed rod fixation can further improve the biomechanical properties of atlantoaxial posterior screw-rod system and can be used as a choice for clinical application.

Key words: atlantoaxial instability, atlantoaxial fixation, crossed rod, parallel rod, biomechanics

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