中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (33): 5294-5300.doi: 10.12307/2021.316

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者足部姿势和步态特征的3D形态分析及生物力学评价

朱飞龙1,张  明1,2,吴  宇1, 王  斌1 ,郭晓琦2 ,曹建刚1,2,朱  茜2,3 ,陈  伟1,2   

  1. 1徐州医科大学附属徐州康复医院康复科,江苏省徐州市   221000;2徐州市中心医院康复医学科,江苏省徐州市   221009;3徐州市泰山社区卫生服务中心,江苏省徐州市   221003
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-22 修回日期:2021-02-24 接受日期:2021-03-24 出版日期:2021-11-28 发布日期:2021-08-03
  • 通讯作者: 陈伟,硕士,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,徐州医科大学附属徐州康复医院康复科,江苏省徐州市 221000;徐州市中心医院康复医学科,江苏省徐州市 221009
  • 作者简介:朱飞龙,男,1997年生,江苏省徐州市人,汉族,徐州医科大学在读硕士,初级技师,主要从事康复工程和运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科教强卫工程青年医学人才项目(QNRC2016376),项目负责人:张明

Foot posture and gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: three-dimensional morphological analysis and biomechanics evaluation

Zhu Feilong1, Zhang Ming1, 2, Wu Yu1, Wang Bin1, Guo Xiaoqi2, Cao Jiangang1, 2, Zhu Qian2, 3, Chen Wei1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Xuzhou Taishan Community Health Service Center, Xuzhou 221003, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-02-22 Revised:2021-02-24 Accepted:2021-03-24 Online:2021-11-28 Published:2021-08-03
  • Contact: Chen Wei, Master, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Zhu Feilong, Master candidate, Junior technician, Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent Program, No. QNRC2016376 (to ZM)

摘要:

文题释义:
青少年特发性脊柱侧弯:是指青少年生长发育快速阶段出现的脊柱不明原因畸形,发病率高达2%-4%,常见于10-18岁的青少年,患者常常表现为脊柱的三维畸形、姿势不对称、椎体及胸廓变形等,严重降低患者的日常生活质量。
步态分析:根据生物力学原理,应用摄像设备、测力板及体表肌电图等技术,在人体步行过程中,客观、定量地反映人体步态特征。
背景:目前对青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者步行表现的研究,缺少不同严重程度群体的对比,同时忽略了足部姿势对行走的影响。
目的:比较轻、中和重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者与健康同龄人在足部姿势和步行表现的差异,为未来青少年特发性脊柱侧弯行为功能评估和康复治疗提供科学依据。
方法:纳入研究对象共96例,包括64例青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者和32例健康青少年志愿者,青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者根据Cobb角大小细分为轻、中和重度3个级别,其中轻度18例、中度32例及重度14例。由1名有着丰富经验的物理治疗师按照足姿指数标准来评估受试者足部姿势,采用3D足部形态学分析扫描仪进行足部扫描并提取足部形态参数,并用GaitScan仪器进行步态及足底压力数据采集。将轻、中和重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者与同龄健康青少年进行比较分析,总结其足部姿势、平衡、步态及足底压力分布特征。
结果与结论:①足形态和姿势方面,中和重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组足弓指数、重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组足姿指数明显高于健康组(P < 0.05);②步态参数方面,重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组相对于健康组承重反应期提前,站立末期延迟(P < 0.05),中和重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组行走速度较健康组减慢且足底压力中心漂移指数显著增加(P < 0.05);③足底压力分布方面,中和重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组内侧、外侧足跟的压力百分比分别显著高于和低于健康组(P < 0.05);重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯组第一跖骨压力百分比显著高于健康组,而第三、四和五跖骨压力百分比显著低于健康组(P < 0.05);④静态平衡方面,重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者前足的负荷比显著小于后足,左足的负荷比显著小于右足(P < 0.05);⑤结果证实,中至重度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者步行效率及平衡稳定性显著下降。未来关于青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者步行的研究应将足部姿势作为一个伴随因素考虑,因为足姿可能会影响步行表现。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-8745(朱飞龙);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-0573 (陈伟) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 脊柱, 青少年, 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯, 生物力学, 足形态, 足部姿势, 步态, 足底压力, 平衡

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The current studies of walking performance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients lack comparison among groups with different severity levels and have ignored the impact of foot posture on walking.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the differences in foot posture and walking performance of patients with mild, moderate, and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared with healthy peers and provide scientific basis for the function assessment and rehabilitation in the future.
METHODS:  A total of 96 subjects were included in the study, including 64 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients and 32 healthy voluntary adolescents as the healthy group. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were subdivided into mild, moderate, and severe grades according to the Cobb angle, including 18 mild cases, 32 moderate cases and 14 severe cases. An experienced physiotherapist assessed a subject's foot posture according to the Foot Posture Index. A 3D foot morphology scanner was used to scan for morphological parameters of the foot and GaitScan instrument for gait and plantar pressure data collection. Comparative analysis was conducted between mild, moderate, and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients and healthy adolescents, and the characteristics of foot posture, balance, gait, and plantar pressure distribution were summarized.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of foot morphology and posture, the foot arch index of the moderate and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis groups was significantly higher than the healthy group, and the foot posture index of the severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group was significantly higher than the healthy group (P < 0.05). (2) Regarding gait parameters, the severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group had advanced loading response, and a delayed terminal stance as compared with the healthy group (P < 0.05). The walking speed of the moderate and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group was slower than the healthy group, and the center of pressure excursion index increased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) Regarding plantar pressure distribution, the pressure percentages of the medial and lateral heel of the severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis groups were significantly higher and lower than the healthy group (P < 0.05). The percentage of the first metatarsal pressure in the severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group was significantly higher than the healthy group, and the percentage of the third, fourth and fifth metatarsal pressure was significantly lower than the healthy group (P < 0.05). (4) For the static balance, the load ratio of the forefoot of severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly lower than the rear foot, and the load ratio of the left foot was significantly lower than the right foot (P < 0.05). (5) It is concluded that the walking efficiency and stability of patients with moderate to severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis decreased significantly. Future studies on walking of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients should consider foot posture as an accompanied factor, because foot posture may affect walking performance.

Key words: spine, adolescents, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, biomechanics, foot morphology, foot posture, gait, plantar pressure, balance

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