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18 June 2010, Volume 14 Issue 25 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Rabbit tibial defects repaired by nano-gelatin-apatite-minocycline bionic composite Zhou Jian, Tang Jian, Li Quan-li, Zhang Jian-xiang, Zhou Jian, Dou Xiao-chen 2010, 14 (25):  4563-4567.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.002 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (522KB) ( 311 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bionic nano-composite materials have the similar structure and microenvironment to the autologous bone. Thus they are promising to be applied in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To observe the feasibility of repairing rabbit tibial defects by the new bionic composite of nano-gelatin-apitate-minocycline METHODS: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were used in this study to establish a 15mm×8mm critical size defect on rabbit tibial bones. All rabbits were randomly divided into experimental (n=16) and blank control groups (n=4). New materials were implanted into the segmental bone defects in the experimental group, but no implant was given to the blank control group. X ray and histological examinations were performed to compare the union of fracture at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: General observations showed that the fractured bone healed at 8 weeks postoperatively in the experimental group, and the moulding was close to normal at 12 weeks. X ray showed that bony callus gradually increased over time was went by in the experimental group, the fractures almost healed and the moulding was finished at 12 weeks postoperatively. No bone defects were repaired and nonunion occurred in the blank control group at 12 weeks postoperatively. Histological examination indicated that the materials began to be absorbed at 4 weeks postoperatively, reconstractured by new bone at 8 weeks postoperatively, and completely repaired at 12 weeks postoperatively in the experimental group. There was no new bone formed in the control group, and the bone defects were filled with the fibrous tissues. The new bionic composite of nano-gelatin-apitate-minocycline can repair critical size defect effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological properties of demineralized bone/polylactic acid composite artificial bone in vivo Liu Jin-biao, Huang Gang, Pan Xian-ming, Ma Ze-hui, Deng Bing, Deng Shao-lin, Zhang Bo, Zhou Jin-song, Wu Hong-hua 2010, 14 (25):  4568-4572.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.003 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (373KB) ( 306 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have exhibited that demineralized bone/polylactic acid composite artificial bone (BPCB) meets the requirements of artificial bone material in its porosity rate, pore size, mechanical strengths and possess both quality of demineralized bone and polylactic acid. BPCB can facilitate the adhension and proliferation of human osteoblasts significantly. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate compatibility, degradation and bone formation of BPCB in vivo. METHODS: Bone defects with 1.5 cm in length were filled with BPCB or nothing randomly soon after they were produced at both radii of adult New Zealand rabbits. Furthermore, BPCB granules were embedded in the same side gluteus. The animals’ local and whole body response to the implants were observed after the operation, and their serum calcium levels were detected. At 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks postoperation, samples at bone defect region were evaluated by X-ray, bone mineral content (BMC), general sample and underwent histomorphological observation. Samples from gluteus only received histomorphological observation. Tissues response, new bone formation in the defects and degradation of the implants were analyzed at different phases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following BPCB transplantation, no significant local adverse reactions and no significant changes in serum calcium levels were found. BMC in the defects following BPCB grafts was increased more rapidly than the blank control group during 6-16 weeks. Gross, X-ray and histological observations revealed that BPCB was osteoconductive. At 16 weeks, the defects nearly got completely repaired while the blank control group remained nonunion. Biodegradation of the implants was observed early following implantation, and there were many macrophages and multinuclear giant cells swallowed with particles of BPCB surrounding the implants at 12 weeks, but there were still remnants of BPCB in the defects at 16 weeks. BPCB possesses good biocompatibility, bone conduction and bone formation ability, and biodegradation occurs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenesis of an injectable tissue-engineered bone monitored by 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy Huang Ruo-kun, Xie Ming, Fang Zhen-hua, Kan Wu-sheng, Cheng Wen-jun, Hu Jia-lang 2010, 14 (25):  4573-4576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.004 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (346KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis has been commonly observed by ultrasound, X-ray and CT, but nuclide monitor is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: Using 99Tcm-medronate (MDP) bone scintigraphy to monitor the improvement of osteogenesis in the distracted gap by an injectable tissue-engineered bone to assess the value of radionuclide for monitoring the therapeutic effect of this approach. METHODS: A total of 20 rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups. A 20 mm incision was made in the distal tibia shaft in all rabbits in addition to the metaphysis osteotomy, and stabilized with an self-designed mini external fixator bilaterally. From post-operative day 7, bone fragments were distracted by 1 mm a day. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and the second passage was used. After elongation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma were percutaneously injected in the distracted gap of experimental group, while the control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline. Radionuclide was used to monitor the therapeutic effects at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radionuclide accumulation was observed in the distraction area in two groups after 3 hours of 99Tcm-MDP injection, which was stronger compared with the healthy side. The bone/soft tissue contrast was clear, and symmetric radioactive increase areas were detected at the big joint and tendon. 99Tcm-MDP uptakes and the target to non-target ratios (T/NT) indicated an increasing tendency of radionuclide accumulation in the distracted gap of experimental group and control group at 2, and 4 postoperative weeks. There was a decreasing tendency of radionuclide accumulation in experimental and control groups at 8 weeks, but the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P < 0. 01). Results show that percutaneous injection of injectable tissue-engineered bone could improve osteogenesis in the distracted gap, and radionuclide imaging may accurately monitor the new bone formation and maturation in the early phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Substitution of biomaterials by a composite bone fabricated by supercritical fluid technique: In vivo and in vitro biological evaluation   Li Ji, He Li-na, Peng Chen, Yuan Lin, Wang Zhi-qiang 2010, 14 (25):  4577-4580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.005 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (330KB) ( 447 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polymer based materials can improve surface chemical structure via increasing inside inorganic material. A series of techniques have been produced and developed for synthesizing biodegradable materials, and supercritical fluid technique is a superior one. OBJECTIVE: To substitute biomaterials by a composite bone fabricated by supercritical fluid technique, and to evaluate the biological characteristics of the novel composite biomaterial. METHODS: Granulated allogeneic bone and polymer of lactic acid (PLA) were compounded to fabricate the composite scaffold by the supercritical fluid technique. The composite scaffold was cytological estimated through on osteoblasts line culture. Meanwhile the sensitization and tissue inflammation were observed by animal experiment that the saturation was injected subcutaneously and the scaffold was implanted directly into muscle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The figuration, volume and micro-structure of the scaffold were controllable and the biological characteristics of the novel composite biomaterial were excellent. In vivo test demonstrated that, no sensitization response occurred, but the material had no ability of heterotopic osteogenesis. The results illustrated that the prepared novel composite biomaterial can meet the requirement of cellular compatibility and biocompatibility, which has a broad prospect in future.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological research of rabbit articular cartilage defects repaired by chitosan-collagen gel combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Yu Hong-yu, Ma Chun-yu 2010, 14 (25):  4581-4584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.006 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (370KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: Large cartilage defects is a difficulty problem in clinical treatment, and stem cell techniques provide a theoretic support for this problem. It is a new attempt that applying novel scaffold chitosan-collagen protein with stem cells to transplant in animal models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological changes of chitosan-collagen gel in combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell for repairing rabbit articular cartilage defects. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro. P2 cells were differentiated in chondrogenic medium. Chitosan-collagen scaffold and rabbit articular cartilage defect models were produced. The defects were filled with chitosan-collagen gel scaffold containing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while the other joint was treated with cell-free scaffold or received no treatment. There were 12 joints serving as experiment group (treated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells + scaffold), 8 joints as blank control group (with no treatment) and 8 joints as single scaffold group (with no cells). At 2, 4, 8, 16 weeks after the establishment of rabbit models, the rabbits were killed and then histological staining was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 16 weeks after the establishment of defect models, the transplanted cells differentiated into chondrocytes, a majority of cartilage defect areas were repaired by new cartilage, the histological scores showed good articular repair in experiment group. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined chitosan-collagen could repair articular cartilage defect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cell adhesion capability of poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyoctanoate)/acellular cartilage matrix scaffolds Zhang Yong-hong, Xu Yu, Lin Ji, Zhao Liang-qi 2010, 14 (25):  4585-4588.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.007 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (362KB) ( 526 )   Save BACKGROUND: The poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHBHOx) is a new type of polyhydroxylalkanoic acids materials, and has excellent plasticity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, as for other ester materials, the hydrophilic properties of PHBHOx is poor, the cell adhesion capability of PHBHOx scaffold is low. OBJECTIVE: To investigate its cell adhesion capability of PHBHOx/acellular cartilage matrix (ACM) scaffolds. METHODS: Fresh porcine articular cartilage from knee joints was sliced and then treated sequentially with Triton X-100, hypotonic solution Tris-HCl, DNA enzyme, RNA enzyme for decellularization. The ACM was shattered into powder at low temperature and composited with PHBHOx in different ratios to fabricate scaffold using solvent-casting, particulate-leaching method. Chondrocytes isolated from porcine articular cartilage were cultured and used in cell adhesion experiment. The adhesion and survival of chondrocytes on scaffolds were analyzed using MTT test and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell adhesion rate of PHBHOx/ACM scaffold was significantly higher than the control group, chondrocytes adhered tightly and grew well on composite scaffold. All the results showed that ACM could significantly improve the cell adhesion capability of PHBHOx scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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Demineralized bone matrix compounded with biological fibrin glue for repairing rabbit cartilage defects Qi Hui, Sun Lei, Chen Lei, Tao Jian-feng, Jiang Jian 2010, 14 (25):  4589-4593.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.008 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (403KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cartilage defects can be treated with the method of tissue engineering, and the scaffold is of great importance in carrying vector and well fixation of chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and validity of using complex material of biological fibrin glue and demineralized bone matrix as a scaffold for cartilage defects repair in experimental rabbits. METHODS: Scaffold was prepared with complex material of biological fibrin glue and demineralized bone matrix. Rabbit articular cartilage defect model was prepared and numbered, 42 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: scaffold complex cell group (n=15): Rabbit articular cartilage defects were repaired with composite scaffold of biological fibrin glue and demineralized bone matrix seeded on the chondrocytes; single scaffold group (n=15): the defects were filled with complex scaffold without cells; blank control group (n=12): no any implant treatment was given. According to the grouping, the specimens were drawn at 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery, and underwent gross, histological, toluidine blue staining, as well as Wakitani scores. The repair of articular defects was observed in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Implantation of scaffold with chondrocytes had the significant effect on the cartilage defects after 12 weeks, and hyaline cartilage was the predominant, the repair effect was superior to single scaffold and blank control groups. Wakitani score showed the best repairing results in the scaffold complex cell group (P < 0.05). Complex material of biological fibrin glue and demineralized bone matrix can be used as one of the optimal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering and it contributes to regeneration and repair of the cartilage defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis versus hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis for repair of auditory ossiclar injury Gao Hong, Jiang Xue-jun, Yang Hui-jun 2010, 14 (25):  4594-4598.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.009 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (350KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: Homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis is usually applied to reconstruct ossicular chain. Recently, hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis has been widely used for clinical practice of tympanoplasty. There are no current studies reporting the clinical efficacy of homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis and hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis in tympanoplasty and reconstruction of ossicular chain. OBJECTIVE: To find a suitable ossicular prosthesis by comparing the clinical effect of homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis and hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis. METHODS: Sixty patients with chronic otitis media undergoing tympanoplasty and reconstruction of ossicular chain were divided into homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis group and hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis group. Two groups were subjected to pure tone testing before and after surgery. The average hearing threshold air conduction and the average air-bone gap were calculated in speech frequency area (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kHz), the hearing results of last recheck (at least 6 months later) served as one of the indicators for comparisons between the two groups. The tympanic membrane healing of two groups of cases was recorded, that is the time for epithelium of graft tympanic membrane, the extrusion rate of ossicular prosthesis in two groups was also recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As for patients with the same lesion type and the same surgical approach, the hearing improvement did not differ significantly between the homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis and hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis (P > 0.05). The healing of tympanic membrane was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The ratio of ossicular prosthesis exodus was 0% in both homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis and hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis. The homologous cartilage ossicular prosthesis has similar clinical effect with hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis for tympanoplasty and reconstruction of ossicular chain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth and proliferation of preadipocyte seeded on small intestinal submucosa Lan Hai, Huang Fu-guo, Yang Zhi-ming, Luo Jing-cong, Li Xiu-qun 2010, 14 (25):  4599-4602.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.010 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (384KB) ( 266 )   Save BACKGROUND: The preadipocytes could differentiate into adipocyes with strong proliferation capacity. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has good biocompatibility, could be suitable scaffold for tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To culture preadipocytes in vitro on SIS, and to study the growth and proliferation of preadipocytes on SIS. METHODS: The preadipocytes cultured were respectively seeded on SIS and pore plates, serving as material group and control group. Cell number in different periods was determinded by MTT, and the growth curve was rendered. The proliferation capacity of the preadipocytes was observed under different culture conditions. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of preadipocytes seeded on SIS and pore plates. Preadipocytes on SIS were also observed for the growth and proliferation at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth curve showed that, the preadipocytes on SIS grew rapidly and the cell number was higher than that in pore plates on day 13 (P < 0.05), suggesting a strong proliferation capacity. Cells on SIS exhibited stronger proliferative capacity than those in pore plate (P < 0.05). Apoptotic rates were low in two groups without statistical difference. The preadipocytes are shown to well adhere and grow on SIS. SIS is very biocompatible with preadipocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytotoxicity of La-HMS by MTT Zhao Na, Wei Kun, Miao Guo-hou, Li Xiang, Guo Wu-sheng, Wu Yuan, Shu Li-jun, Zeng Xiao-feng 2010, 14 (25):  4603-4606.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.011 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (339KB) ( 542 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many studies addressing the preparation of La-HMS, but the research of biological safety evaluation has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To prepare La-HMS hexagonal mesoporous materials, and to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material. METHODS: Using long-chain primary amine as a template, a hexagonal structure of mesoporous silica molecular sieves was synthetized under neutral conditions, with mesoporous silica as a vector, then lanthanum was embed into zeolite to obtain La-HMS. The La-HMS powder was mixed with a certain amount of adhesives and pressed, then autoclaved. The cells used in this experiment were derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The morphology and proliferation of the cultured cells were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope, the effects of La-HMS particles on the relative proliferation rate of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected by MTT-assay that could assess the cytotoxicity rapidly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 day of the culture, cells adherently grew around the La-HMS, then the growth was observed in good condition daily, maintaining a normal shape. At 3 and 5 days, there were no exutive died cells found in each culture hole, cells maintained their good shape and the number gradually increased. MTT results showed that the prepared La-HMS was non-toxic. The materials used in the experiment were hexagonal mesoporous materials, the mesoporous structure is conducive to cell adhesion, and the cytotoxicity is in line with the requirement of the biological materials, it possesses good biocompatibility and cellular adhesion, and can be applied to bio-pharmaceutical industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytotoxiciy of nano-silver/porcine acellular dermis dressings Huang Gui-juan, Jing Hong-xia, Xia Dong-lin, Lu Shuang-yun, Gu Hai-ying 2010, 14 (25):  4607-4610.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.012 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (329KB) ( 456 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional porcine dermal dressing can protect wounds, but it has not the properties of bacteriostasis efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To assess in vitro toxicity of self-made nano-silver porcine acellular dermal dressing and to evaluate the feasibility of a new type of dressing. METHODS: L-929 mouse fibroblasts were used to detect the cell relative proliferation rate in the extract from the nano-silver porcine dermal dressing 100% and 50% by MTT-assay, the toxicity of porcine dressing was also determined. Morphology of the cells was observed under inverted microscope. The absorbance value was detected using enzyme-linked immunospot assay at 2, 4, 7 days of the culture, and the cytotoxicity was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The L-929 cells proliferated well in the extract of nano-silver porcine acellular dermis dressing, and the cell toxicity was graded as 1. There was no significant difference in the absorbance value between the experimental group and the negative control group ( P > 0.05). The nano-silver pig acellular dermis dressing shows no evident cytotoxicity and is feasible to serve as a new type of wound dressing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute toxicity test of Ti6Al4V-AlTiN coating materials Zhu Wei-dong, Zhu Tao, Wang Xu-dong, Jiang Yao-guang 2010, 14 (25):  4611-4613.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.013 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (319KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: AlTiN ceramic coatings have many advantages such as high hardness, excellent wear properties, good chemical inertness and strong adhesion, which are all consistent with the characteristics of bio-ceramics. To achieve the clinical safety, a comprehensive evaluation of acute toxicity AlTiN coating is needed. OBJECTIVE: To test acute toxicity of Ti6Al4V-AlTiN coating materials, and to provide a reference for long-term toxicity and other toxicological tests. METHODS: The mouse left and right femoral quadriceps muscle was injected with aseptic Ti6Al4V-AlTiN coating material, the general condition and reaction on the injection site of animals were observed at 14 days after injection, normal saline served as the negative control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 days after Ti6AI4V-AITiN injection into mouse quadriceps muscle on both sides, there was no significant difference in body mass growth between test sample group and negative control group. The animals showed normal diet, appearance, secretions, excretions, respiratory condition, central nervous system and limb activities, with no local congestion or swelling in the injection site, no animals died or showed poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influential factors of preparing hollow superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres Peng Jian, Tang Qi, Pan Yi-feng, Tang Jing-bo, Li Bo, Chen Wei, Cui Jian, Zhang Yang-de 2010, 14 (25):  4614-4618.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.014 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (500KB) ( 551 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hollow microspheres exhibit good biocompatibility and have been widely used in many fields such as biomedicine and chemistry. OBJECTIVE: To study the affecting factors including the reaction temperature, reaction time, the number of washing, ultrasonic time in preparation process conditions on the particle size of hollow superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres. METHODS: With polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-block copolymer F127 as raw materials, Fe3O4 hollow superparamagnetic nanospheres were prepared by coprecipitation methods. Using mathematical methods of orthogonal experiment, a 4 × 3 orthogonal experimental model was designed. The influence of different preparation conditions such as the reaction temperature, reaction time, the number of washing and ultrasonic time, on the size of hollow magnetic nanoparticles was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal preparation conditions were: 75 ℃, fully reacting 6 hours, washing three times using methanol/deionized water, 30% power ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes. After filtration by a 0.22-µm filter, the samples were characterized by particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of Fe3O4 hollow magnetic nanospheres was 37.5 nm, shell thickness was about 10 nm, particle size and distribution were even. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of xenotransplantation of microencapsulated sciatic nerve on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B following spinal cord injury in rats Wang Xiao-lian, Zeng Wen-hong, Wang Ting, Liu De-ming 2010, 14 (25):  4619-4622.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.015 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (399KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor and plays an important role in response to inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit sciatic nerve on NF-KB activity after spinal cord injury in rats． METHODS: Rabbits were used to prepare xenosciatic nerve cell suspension. Totally 120 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, microcapsule, cell and single injury groups. Rats in the later three groups were prepared for hemisection injury of spinal cords and transplanted with gelatin sponge sticking 10 μL microencapsulated nerve tissue/cell suspension, 10 μL tissue/cell suspension or 10 μL physiological saline. The pathological changes of spinal tissues were observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expressions of NF-KB were observed by immunohistochemistry at 6, 12, 24 hours and 3, 7 and 14 days after operation.    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of NF-κB in cytoplasm and cytoblast of neurons were increased in rats after spinal cord injury, reached a peak at 24 hours, gradually decreased after 3 days, and returned to the normal levels after 7 days. The expressions of NF-κB in the microcapsule group were statistically smaller than those in the cell and single injury groups (P < 0.05). The transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit sciatic nerve can inhibit expression of NF-KB and mitigate the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury in rats． Related Articles | Metrics

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Chitosan and collagen gel constructed tissue-engineered oral mucous propria Ding Yue, Wu Zhi-qiang, Zhang Li-ping 2010, 14 (25):  4623-4626.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.016 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (312KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have explored the feasibility of tissue engineered artificial human skin using chitosan-collagen as scaffold material. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of in vitro construction of artificial lamina propria using artificial scaffold of chitosan-collagen and oral mucous fibroblasts (OMF). METHODS: The OMF was extracted from adult rat buccal division, gingival or pars palatalis and cultured in 2XDMEM solution, serum of embryo cattle, collagen solution and chitosan, or 2XDMEM solution, serum of embryo cattle and collagen solution were mixed together into gel solution pro rata. OMFs were added into above gel solution to form oral mucous of artificial lamina propria. OMFs were observed; chitosan-collagen gel substrate and collagen gel substrate were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 day of collagen-OMF complex (FPCL) and chitosa-collagen-OMF complex (FPCCL) culture, OMF adhered to artificial scaffold and grew in rendered olive-like and unordered. OMFs proliferated with time, and the gel became pale and thin, constrict at second and third days respectively. OMFs may grow and secrete substrate in three-dimensional space formed by chitosan-collagen gel, which forms compact connective tissue similar to oral mucous propria. Chitosan-collagen gel is a suitable material for constructing oral mucous propria by tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enzymolysis technology optimization and degradation reasons of recombinant antihypertensive peptides VLPVPR Xiao Ping, Sun Hai-yan, Liu Dong, Zhou Li-zhen, Li Yan 2010, 14 (25):  4627-4630.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.017 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (276KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: The recombinant antihypertensive peptide, Val-Lys-Pro-Val-Pro-Arg (VLPVPR), was prepared using genetic engineering technology and enzymolysis method. The enzymolysis products are polypeptide compound, which is prone to be infested and deteriorated by microorganism. OBJECTIVE: To analyze enzymolysis technology and degradation causes of the recombinant antihypertensive peptide, VLPVPR, during trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis process. METHODS: The content of antihypertensive peptide, VLPVPR, was detected by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The engineering germ products were sterilized by 0.22 μm membrane filter, and the content information of VLPVPR in the enzymolysis process was observed. Compared with non-filtered sterilization enzymatic process, the degradation of endoenzymes released from the engineered strain cells and bacterial contamination on VLPVPR was approached. The enzymolysis technology conditions, such as temperature, pH, final concentration of trypsin, and duration, were optimized by orthogonal experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The content of VLPVPR standard remained unchanged after 4 hours’ action with trypsin, which showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), demonstrating that VLPVPR could not be degraded by trypsin. The VLPVPR of the cell disruption which had been sterilized was degraded rapidly after reaching the maximum value, and the VLPVPR of the sample without sterilized was degraded faster, which showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Results showed the endoenzymes released from the engineered strain cells and bacterial contamination is the main reasons for VLPVPR degradation during preparation process. The best hydrolyzing condition of trypsin was optimized by orthogonal experiment: 30 ℃, pH 9.5, final concentration of trypsin at 180 U/mL, and reaction time for 1 hour. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance characterization of electrospun tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded polyglycolic acid nanofibrous membrane Yan Na, Cai Qing, Yang Xiao-ping, Zhou Xue-gang, Ma Qi, Hu Xiao-yang, Deng Xu-liang 2010, 14 (25):  4631-4635.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.018 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (619KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local drug controlled-delivery systems for anti-inflammatory are gaining increasing attention for bone defect regeneration because of their extended therapeutic effects and reduced adverse effects. Electrospun polymer nanofiber is a kind of good drug delivery vehicle. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded polyglycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibrous membrane with varied tetracycline hydrochloride contents using the electrospinning technique, and to study their performance in preventing bacterial infections as well as their cell compatibility. METHODS: Tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded PLGA nanofibrous membranes were synthesized at 15-20 kV under a steady flow rate of 0.3-0.5 mL/h using an electrospinning technique. Through the images of scanning electron microscopy, we obtained morphological characters of the nanofibers. Drug entrapment efficiency was determined, drug release profiles were tested and in vitro antimicrobial activities were observed from modified Kirby-Bauer test. MG-63 cells were used to test the biocompatibility of nanofibrous membrances. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Average diameters of PLGA nanofibers with different tetracycline hydrochloride contents (0%, 3%, 5% or 10%) were all about 360-470 nm. Tetracycline hydrochloride entrapment efficiencies were well above 80% for all the PLGA membranes. The 10% drug loaded membranes exhibited the highest initial burst release. Tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded PLGA nanofibrous membranes were effective in inhibiting growth of staphylococcus aureus but had no adverse effect on the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 cells. Comparatively speaking, electrospun PLGA/tetracycline hydrochloride membranes with drug loading of 3% and 5% are good choices for the prevention of bacterial infections in guided tissue regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro biocompatibility between vascular endothelial growth factor/nanohydroxyapatite collagen slow-release system and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Xu Xiao-feng, Liu Xiao-ping, Wang Ming-wei, Liu Jin-lian, Chen Jing-jia, Li Yang, Zhang Zhi-jian 2010, 14 (25):  4636-4640.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.019 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (403KB) ( 451 )   Save BACKGROUND: Using carrier or slow-release system to load growth factor can protect the biological activity of the growth factor and slow down its release, which enhances the cell growth and tissue repairing, regeneration constantly. This is one direction to the exploratory development of controlled release carrier.    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/nano-hydroxyapatite collagen (nHAC) slow-release system and the in vitro biocompatibility with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: MSCs obtained from human bone marrow were induced, proliferated in vitro and seeded onto the nHAC scaffolds loaded with VEGF, heparin and fibronectin (experimental group) or single nHAC scaffolds (control group). The quantity and the duration of VEGF release from the scaffolds which loaded with VEGF were determined; the attachment rate of cells on the scaffolds, number of cells in the scaffolds, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at different time points (3, 7, 10, 14 days) were observed. The cell growth on scaffolds was also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  ①The release of VEGF on the scaffolds of experimental group could last for 14 days. ②The differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic phenotype was demonstrated by the positive staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen type I. ③The adhesive rates, cell numbers and the expression of the ALP at the same time point in the scaffolds of experimental group were significantly greater compared with control group (P < 0.05). ④Cells could be observed on every scaffold by scanning electron microscopy, and the cells in experimental group grew better than the control group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusion of dentinal tubules by (NH4)2SiF6 solution Hu Cheng-hua, Xie Xiao-li 2010, 14 (25):  4641-4644.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.020 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (393KB) ( 343 )   Save BACKGROUND: Various methods for closing dentinal tubules and reducing fluid flow in dentinal tubule have different treatment effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the occlusion effect of (NH4)2SiF6 solution on dentinal tubules, and to determine the possible mechanisms underlying (NH4)2SiF6 solution in dentin hypersensitivity treatment. METHODS: Twelve free dentinal discs were made from free third molars, and divided into four pretreatment groups. The teeth were soaked in pretreatment solution for 2 minutes, namely 0.29 mol/L EDTA, 6% citric acid, 50% citric acid, and rinsed ultrasonically with deionized water 20 minutes, respectively. Every above-mentioned group was randomly assigned into experimental group, control group and blank group, respectively. The teeth of three groups were treated for 3 minutes by experimental solution, namely 0.476 mol/L (NH4)2SiF6, 2.36 mol/L Ag(NH3)2F solution and physiological saline, respectively. The opening on the dentinal tubules before and after treatment was observed using scanning electron microscope. The constituent ratio of fluorine, silicon, silver, phosphor and calcium distributing the premolars surface was analyzed by the photoelectron spectrometer. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Under scanning electron microscope, the opening area of dentinal tubules significantly decreased after the (NH4)2SiF6 and Ag(NH3)2F solution treatment; the sediments formed dentinal tubules contained silicon, calcium and phosphorus, presented as a complex of calcium phosphate silicon following (NH4)2SiF6 treatment, dentinal tubules remained open state after Ag(NH3)2F solution treatment and showed various levels of sediments on surface; there were significant differences in dentinal tubules open area between two kinds of fluorine-containing drugs treatments. The results suggest that the occlusion effect on dentin tubules is significant by using (NH4)2SiF6 solution, and reduced with reducing pH value of pretreatment solution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of silicone rubber materials in repair of complete denture Deng Min, Su Xiao-hui 2010, 14 (25):  4645-4648.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.021 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (361KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: In complete denture repair, it is suggested to fully consult the utilized information of the old denture, which is the key to obtain a good treatment effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application effect of silicone rubber materials in repair of complete denture. METHODS: Ten edentulous patients wearing the old dentures for many years, were treated with new complete dentures using the old denture renovated by skilled workers with silicone rubber. Complete denture was prepared with denture lining method on the test teeth in combination with silicone rubber impression material. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was applied to observe the changes of masticatory efficacy of two new dentures before use (the old denture) and 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after use. Another 10 patients selected according to conventional methods for denture served as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The treatment and time, as well as the interaction between treatment and time, had statistically significant differences on the masticatory efficiency by test denture (P < 0.01). Compared with control group at the same time point, the masticatory efficiency of experiment group was higher after wearing new dentures for 2 weeks and 1 month (P < 0.05). The masticatory efficiency after wearing new dentures for 2 weeks was significantly improved compared with old dentures (P < 0.01), but was similar to one month after wearing (P > 0.05). By means of the characteristics of silicone rubber materials and the utilized information of old denture, it is feasible to recover high masticatory efficiency of new dentures in the initial phase, and to shorten the adaptation time of patients to new complete dentures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermal properties test of GGW titanium bonding porcelain Wang Xiao-jie, Guo Tian-wen, Zhang Yu-mei 2010, 14 (25):  4649-4652.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.022 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (298KB) ( 333 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to the high cost of precious metals and biological safety of nickel-chromium alloy, titanium porcelain crown attracts attention. However, high production costs and weak bonding strength of titanium limit the use of titanium porcelain. This study aims to produce domestic titanium porcelain powder, reduce the cost of titanium porcelain, replace nickel-chromium alloy porcelain repair, and improve security of fixed dental prosthetics. OBJECTIVE: To develop a kind of new titanium-bonding-porcelain powder and to test its thermal property. METHODS: According to the basic requirement of titanium bonding porcelain, based on the expansion coefficient, viscosity, mechanical property and chemical stability of bonding porcelain, as well as influence of bonding porcelain on the wet ability of titanium, the major components of the titanium-bonding-porcelain were selected. The GGW experimental titanium-bonding-porcelain was made after repeated tests. The GGW titanium-bonding-porcelain was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal expansion coefficients were determined, the glass transition temperature of GGW bonding-porcelain was also defined, as well as the matching correlation with casting titanium thermodynamics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Differential scanning calorimetry showed that when GGW bonding-porcelain was about 650 ℃, crystal began to educe from the amorphous matrix, indicating the tentative sintering temperature of GGW titanium-bonding-porcelain was lower than 800 ℃. Under 537 ℃ glass transition temperature, the coefficients of thermal expansion of pure Ti and GWW experimental titanium-bonding-porcelain were 8.42×10-6/℃, 8.29×10-6/℃ respectively. A difference of 0.13×10-6/℃ suggested GWW experimental titanium-bonding-porcelain has an ideal thermal compatibility with casted pure Ti. GGW bonding-porcelain has a promising future for titanium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Concentration changes of oral volatile sulfur compounds before and after periodontal treatment with a portable gas chromatography Zhang Sheng-yan, Yang Jun-ying, Chen Shan, Wang Xiao-yan 2010, 14 (25):  4653-4656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.023 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (255KB) ( 360 )   Save BACKGROUND: The volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) is the hotspot in recent years of periodontitis research. There have been few related studies concentrating on the change of three main components of the VSCs by periodontal treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of VSCs levels in periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment by using a portable gas chromatography. METHODS: Forty patients with periodontitis in good healthy state were selected according to the organoleptic rating. The levels of three major components of VSCs (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S) were measured before and after periodontal treatment with a portable gas chromatography (OralChroma™). The periodontal therapy includes supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling, root planing and periodontal rinsing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The periodontal treatment could improve the periodontal conditions of periodontitis patients and significantly reduce the levels of VSCs (P < 0.01). The levels of H2S and CH3SH were reduced by more than 80% and (CH3)2S by more than 50%. H2S had the highest levels among three kinds of gases (P < 0.01). There was a significant reduction of organoleptic rating scores after periodontal treatment compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). A portable gas chromatography can effectively measure the components and concentration of the VSCs, and accurately detect the changes of halitosis. Periodontal treatment is an effective treatment to reduce oral malodour and VSCs levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Refracture following percutaneous vertebroplasty through polymethyl methacrylate injection in the paste period for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Sun Hui, Zang Xue-hui, Gao Li-hua, Xiao Ping-guo 2010, 14 (25):  4657-4660.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.024 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (318KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been the first choice to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). However, the complications of adjacent vertebral body following cement placement are increasing. Bone cement in the paste period is commonly used in vertebroplasty, and status of bone cement can influence distribution in the vertebral body. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes for second fracture following PVP through injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in the paste period in treatment of OVCF. METHODS: Between July 2006 and November 2009, PVP was performed in 112 patients with OVCF．Under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a needle was advanced into the vertebral body via a unipedicular or bipedicular approach. PMMA was injected in the paste period. Curative effect was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 2.4-6.0 mL per body was injected with an average volume of (3.40±1.02) mL. Bone cement leaked to the lateral vertebrae in 14 cases and to intervertebral space in 15 cases．The average follow-up period was 6-15 months with an average period of (9.61±2.82) months. There were no specific reactions of materials and host or clinical symptoms. A total of 29 cases developed secondary back pain and 15 cases were new adjacent vertebral body fracture based on the MRI findings．The symptoms were relieved through secondary PVP. Results show that stress concentration and bone cement leakage to intervertebral space increase risks for secondary fracture after PVP. Therefore, optimal bone cement substitute should be developed in future studies． Related Articles | Metrics

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Unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar multi-vertebral compressive fractures Xu Jun-jie, Li Ye-hai, Tang Hao-ran, Liang Jun-sheng, Dong Li-jun, Wang Qiang 2010, 14 (25):  4661-4664.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.025 Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (239KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty are new methods for treatment of osteoporosis-caused vertebral compression fractures, they have been widely used in hospitals, but in many cases with multiple vertebral fractures, frequent classical surgeries may increase the risk of surgery, radiation exposure, and medical costs. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar multi-vertebral compressive fractures in aged patients. METHODS: Twelve patients (29 vertebral bodies) of osteoporotic thoracolumbar multi-vertebral compressive fractures were treated from June 2007 to June 2009 at the Second Department of Orthopaedics in the First Hospital of Chaohu City and at the First Department of Orthopaedics in Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College. The painful vertebral bodies were determined according to MRI signal before operation, and were treated by selective unilateral paracentesis kyphoplasty. The pains before and after operation were assayed using visual analogous scale. The improvement, reduction of fracture and any complication happened were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 12 patients completed paracentesis with immediate relief of their back pain within 48 hours. Visual analogous scale score was reduced compared with preoperative score (P < 0.01). The preoperative mean height of the anterior, media and posterior vertebral bodies were lower than postoperative height. At the latest follow-up, the mean height of the anterior, media and posterior vertebral bodies was not markedly reduced compared with postoperative (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the mean height between paracentesis side and opposite side before operation (P < 0.01), no significant difference after operation (P > 0.05). Before and after operation, the same side exhibited significant differences (P < 0.001). For the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar multi-vertebral compressive fractures, unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty has satisfactory clinical efficacy. It is also an effective way to reduce operation time, radiation dose, and cost of operation, thus available for osteoporotic thoracolumbar multi-vertebral compressive fractures in old patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bone cement on coagulation functions following artificial hip joint replacement Yin Jun-ping, Guan Feng-ying, Miao Hai-min, Qiao Guo-yong 2010, 14 (25):  4665-4668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.026 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (312KB) ( 609 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is suitable to use bone cement to fix the prosthesis in eldly patients undergoing artificial hip joint replacement. There are many serious complications of using bone cement and little reports about the effects of bone cement on the coagulation functions of patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone cement on coagulation functions during the artificial joint replacement. METHODS: Sixty-five patients scheduled for ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ artificial joint elective replacement were investigated retrospectively. There were femoral neck fractures in 38 patients and femoral head necrosis in 37 patients. Blood samples were measured 10 minutes before and 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours after bone cement implantation. The parameters associated with coagulation functions were observed in all patients, including plasma prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dipolymer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in plasma prothrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dipolymer between bone cement preimplantation and 30 minutes, 1, 2 hours after bone cement implantation (P < 0.05), and no difference in activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time (P > 0.05). The changes vanished 3 hours after bone cement implantation. The coagulation functions recovered 24 hours later. Bone cement implantated for 3 hours can cause temporal hypercoagulabale state, which should be paid more attention. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-artificial bone mixed with autologous bone for treatment of bone tumors and bone disease in 43 cases Lu Wei, Dong Ming-yan, Mei Xi-fan 2010, 14 (25):  4669-4672.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.027 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (367KB) ( 384 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a new bone graft, nano-artificial bone has many good qualities such as good biocompatibility, but the clinical effect in treating bone tumors and bone disease needs more studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results of nano-artificial bone combined with autologous bone in treating bone tumors and bone disease. METHODS: A total of 43 patients with bone tumors and bone disease were implanted with nano-artificial bone or particles mixed with autologous bone after deleting tumor tissue, with lacune filling as much as possible. Four cases with pathologic fracture received internal fixation, while other cases had an orthosis. The postoperative complications of the whole body and the operation region were observed, and the X-ray films were observed to evaluate the bone healing at different time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 43 cases were followed up for average 6-24 months. Except one patient was delayed in wound healing, the other patients achieved good healing and general conditions. At 1-3 months postoperation, nano-artificial bone mixed with autologous bone graft began to fuse with bone tissue around defects, but increased density could be seen in local lesion. At 12 months, the bone graft region had a smilar density with the surronding bone tissues. The nano-artificial bone combined with autologous bone has been proved to be an ideal bone graft substitute material due to good results in the treatment of bone tumors and bone disease, and fewer complications. It has a good prospect of application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride tablets in combination with bisphosphonates for skeletal metastases-caused pain in 69 cases Li Yu-Qing, He Yan-bing, Du Zhi-Qiang 2010, 14 (25):  4673-4676.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.028 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (276KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oxycodone hydrochloride is the medicine at the third step and is one of the most frequent medicines in treating severe cancer pain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride tablets and bisphosphonates on the treatment of skeletal metastases. METHODS: A total of 69 patients suffering from skeletal metastases were treated with oral controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride tablets, and the dosages were titrated according to the severity of pain. In addition, intravenous infusion of Zoledronic Acid was performed, 4 mg every 4 weeks. The efficacy and side effects of the treatment were evaluated after 2 cycles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 69 patients, 25 cases (36.2%) achieved complete remission, 37 cases (53.6%) achieved partial remission, and 7 cases (10.1%) achieved minor remission．Pain relief was 89.9% (62/69). The side effects included constipation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, anorexia, lethargy, dizziness, fever and muscle pain. Results show that the treatment using controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride tablets and bisphosphonates is safe and effective for skeletal metastases. Its side effects are minor and tolerable． Related Articles | Metrics

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Intramedullary fixation of absorbable implants for unstable metatarsal fractures  Yin Wei-zhong, Ni Ming, Hu Xiao-liang, Shen Yan-guo, Ding Ju-hong, Qin Hui-min, Fang Di-di, Qiu Yong-min 2010, 14 (25):  4677-4680.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.029 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (342KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional metal fixity, absorbing material shows distinctive advantages in treatment of fracture of non-weight bearing bone of limbs. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the experience and key points of intramedullary absorbable implants in the treatment of displaced metatarsal fractures. METHODS: Open reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary absorbable implants were performed in 45 cases with displaced metatarsal fractures including 36 males and 9 females, with an average age of 36.6 years (19-62 years). A total of 104 fractures included 17 simple metatarsal fractures and 28 multiple fractures. There were 15 fractures in the first metatarsal, 77 in the second to fourth metatarsal and 12 in the fifth metatarsal. All patients underwent radiography of anteroposterior, lateral and oblique views for foot. All fractures were reduced from dorsal approach and drill was used to perforate through fracture end and metatarsal fracture head for the placement of absorbable implants with appropriate length. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for an average of 18.4 months (ranged from 4 to 36 months). No complications such as wound infection, implants breakage and displacement fracture were found postoperatively. The tardive inflammatory reactions surrounding incisions were observed in 4 cases. The average time for bone healing was 10 weeks. Radiography showed basic restoration of metatarsal shape. The results were excellent in 35 cases, good in 10 cases according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society forefoot score, with excellent and good rate of 100%. Results indicated that the displaced metatarsal fractures could be treated by intramedullary absorbable implants, with advantages of simple procedures, few complications and good clinical results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of full metal edge porcelain-fused-to-metal crown based on three different materials in posterior tooth repair Mao Jun-wu, Qin Ming-qun 2010, 14 (25):  4681-4684.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.030 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (251KB) ( 709 )   Save BACKGROUND: As for patients candidate for porcelain complete veneer crown of posterior teeth but are unwilling to grind teeth, full metal edge porcelain crown is a better solution. However, there are many types of porcelain to metal, the performance of each material may affect human body to different degrees. The article aims to compare three kinds of commonly used materials, and to hopefully give clinicians a reference. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical application effects of three kinds of full metal edge porcelain to metal based on Ni-Cr alloy, Co-Cr alloy and high gold alloy for the repair of posterior teeth. 　 METHODS: A total of 150 full metal edge porcelain to metal in posterior teeth were prepared and then divided into 3 groups: Ni-Cr alloy group, Co-Cr alloy group and high gold alloy group. There were 50 crowns in each group. Two years later, gingival color and edge compactness were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gingival color changes were high gold alloy group < Co-Cr alloy group < Ni-Cr alloy group. The edge compactness was the best in high gold alloy group, then Co-Cr alloy group and last Ni-Cr alloy group, but the latter two groups had no statistical significance. The high gold alloy is suggested to apply on full metal edge porcelain to metal, then Co-Cr alloy, and Ni-Cr alloy is not suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical wearing of rid gas permeable contact lens Liu Wei-feng, Shi Xun, Hu Ai-mei, Zeng Ying, Zhu Xuan, Li Ying-jie, Mei Yan 2010, 14 (25):  4685-4688.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.031 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (226KB) ( 470 )   Save BACKGROUND: Rid gas permeable contact lens (RGPCL) can control the development of myopia, and the number of RGPCL wearers is increased. The data of RGPCL wearer are analyzed to provide clinical data for the medical institution. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, compliance and lens nursing for RGPCL wearer. METHODS: A total of 48 eyes of 27 myopia people (14 males, 13 females), aged (13.3±4.3) years (range, 6 to 42 years old) were selected, and subjected to suitable candidate selection, eye check, data acquisition, lens wear, lens order, wearer teaching, and recheck at regular intervals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 68.9% of naked visual acuity of cases (17 cases, 29 eyes) with overnight wearer reached corrected visual acuity (CVA) of wearing glasses. 100% of RGPCL wearers reached CVA of wearing glasses, and 47.3% of increased > 1 line. There was 11.4% cornea dying in the 96 follow-up times. 13% wearers were not followed-up on schedule, and 83.3% of wearers fitted successfully with one len and changed 14 lens, including technical requirements in 8 eyes and lens damage in 6 eyes. The majority of wearers were students < 18 years old. 29.1% of wearers aged averagely (12.4±2.1) years could self-wear and self-clean lens. Results showed that RGPCL was safe, effective, with a good compliance under the strict medical control. The majority of wearers are students. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of high flux hemodialysis on C-reactive protein and lipids metabolism Bi Hui, Zhang Min, Zhang Yu, Wang Shao-yan, Yan Xin, Long Gang 2010, 14 (25):  4689-4692.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.032 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (311KB) ( 507 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional low-flux dialysis cannot improve micro-inflammatory status and lipid metabolism disorders, while new high-flux dialysis can improve the micro-inflammation and lipid metabolism, it helps to improve the quality of life and survival rate of patients, so how to improve the micro-inflammatory status and lipid metabolism are a focus for researchers. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high flux hemodialysis (HFHD) with FX60 polysulfone dialyser and low flux hemodialysis (LFPD) with F6 polysulfone dialyser on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid metabolism in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS: Forty-four patients with maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into HFHD group and LFHD group. Another 22 cases for physical examinations served as normal control group. The maintenance hemodialysis patients were treated with HFHD using FX60 dliahyser or LFPD using F6 dialyser, three times per week, 4 hours once. After 1 year of the treatment, high-sensitive C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined in patients as well as normal controls before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In two groups, the levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol before the treatment were higher than normal control (P < 0.05). In HFPD group, serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol markedly decreased (P < 0.05). In LFHD group, these indices remained unchanged after the dialysis for one year. HFPD with FX60 polysulfone dialyser is effective in improving lipid metabolism and micro-inflammation in maintained hemodialysis patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in quality of life and anatomical structure following posterior vaginal prolapse repaired by xenogenic collagen implants Gai Xiao-dan 2010, 14 (25):  4693-4696.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.033 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (218KB) ( 296 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dermal selective implants, such as collagen fiber and elastin fiber, derived from swine were used for pelvic floor repair, because those could strengthen pelvic floor via intermolecular crosslinking and enhance tolerance to biodegradation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of quality of life, sexual life, and anatomical structure following posterior vaginal prolapse repaired by xenogenic collagen implants. METHODS: In total 33 patients underwent preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up for 6-12 months. Self-assessment questionnaires were used to evaluate the quality of life and sexual function. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POPQ) was applied to classify the degree of prolapse staging. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Posterior vaginal prolapse of 3 cases was stage I, of 26 cases was stage II, and of 4 cases was stage III. The patients in prolapse stage II at 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 7 (21%) and 13 (39%), respectively. Bp-average point fell from -1.1 preoperatively to -2.5 at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.01), and -1.8 at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). Previous abdominal surgery was not conducive to the recovery of anatomical structure (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI= 1.5-3.8). After one year, changes in sexual function were not obvious. 76% of the patients before surgery led to decline in the quality of life because of genital prolapse. After 12 months, quality of life of most patients was improved markedly following posterior vaginal prolapse repaired by xenogeneic collagen, although some aspects of the psycho-social function of the quality of life would improve, the anatomical structure could not be fully restored. The so-called improvements were not only limited to the recovery of the vaginal shape location, but also including the improvement in the adverse effects of traditional abdominal surgery on the anatomical structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Curative effect of molecular adsorbents recycling system versus plasma exchange on treatment of severe hepatitis in 143 patients Sun Li-hua, Xu Qin, Xiao Lin, Lu Xiao-bo, Liu Hao, Xu Ling, Yan Gui-xia, Zhang Yue-xin 2010, 14 (25):  4697-4700.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.034 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (213KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Artificial liver support system has been commonly used to treat severe hepatitis. However, their effects are varied, and treatment effect evaluation is not uniform. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of molecular adsorbents recycling system (MARS) and plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of severe hepatitis. METHODS: A total of 143 patients with severe hepatitis were treated with MARS or PE. Blood chemical data, scores of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), and fatality rate in 3 months were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MARS and PE therapy significantly decreased total bilirubin (TBIL), bile acid (TBA), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio for prothrombin time and the score of MELD (P < 0.05), but increased prothrombin activity   (P < 0.05). PE had obvious dominance in improving TBIL, alanine transarninase, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin activity, prothrombin time and MELD (P < 0.05), while MARS had better ability in improving the creatinine, TBA and albumin (P < 0.05). The fatality rate of MARS and PE groups were 63% and 56.5% respectively in 3 months (P > 0.05). But they were lower than the predictable fatality rate (P < 0.05), especially in the group of patients with MELD score less than 30, but for patients with MELD score ≥30, the two treatments did not improve the prognosis. As the hepatic support device, MARS and PE were effective and safe methods for severe hepatitis. MELD can be applied in clinic for evaluating severity, curative effect and indication of hepatic support device treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of titanium mesh with fixed dental implant increases initial-stage stability Wang Li-ping, Zhang Shu-biao, Fan Chang-bin, Fang Ying 2010, 14 (25):  4701-4705.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.035 Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (465KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: After maxillary posterior tooth missing, height of the remaining alveolar bone at the bottum of maxillary sinus occurred shortage displayed in some cases. How to do a simple, quick and effective restoration is the subject of exploration which dentists work hard to achieve. Shorter treatment cycles and increase of the success rate by titanium plate or titanium mesh fixed dental implant to obtain enough initial stage stability in operation is under exploration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate feasibility of applying titanium plate or titanium mesh fixed dental implant to increase the initial stage stability in the sinus surgery at the same time dental implantation to solve extreme shortage of bone height at the bottom of the maxillary sinus (1-3 mm).   METHODS: Twenty-four cases of maxillary posterior tooth loss, with remaining maxillary alveolar bone at the bottom of maxillary sinus about 1-3 mm, underwent bone graft surgery outside the maxillary sinus, 63 Straumann implants were embedded at the same time. Titanium meshes were applied to increase the initial stage stability in operation. Upper structure was restored 6 months after operation. Follow-up remained 30 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Torque of implants have reached more than 10 N•cm in operation. Compared with those implants without connection titanium meshes, the difference of torque values was statistically significant (P < 0.05); implant ISQ value was 69.78±4.78 after 6 months; the thickness of implant end bone was (2.53±0.36) mm after loading for 24 months, compared with the values during just implantation, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05); implant marginal bone resorption was (1.07±0.40) mm; none of these cases exhibited rupture of maxillary sinus mucosa in operation. Implants were stable during observation period, its surrounding tissues were healthy without any loss. The patients were satisfactory for masticatory function after upper structure restoration. X-ray examination showed bone and grafts linked closely together, without peri-implant bone density shadow or maxillary sinus inflammation images. Two cases were lost in follow-ups after upper structure restoration. Results demonstrated that when patients have two or more maxillary posterior teeth missed and under extreme shortage (1-3 mm) of bone height at the bottom of the maxillary sinus, it is recommended to apply large-diameter Straumann mucosa immediate implant, at the same time, utilizing titanium meshes as an assist to achieve the initial stability of implants. Sinus surgery complying with dental implantation could obtain ideal short-term clinical results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and preparation of medical nanocapules system materials Sheng Wen-bo, Zhu Xiao-fei, Su Jia-can 2010, 14 (25):  4709-4712.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.037 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (350KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nanocapsule system plays an increasingly important role in clinical manipulation because of its better biocompatibility, biodegradation and drug delayed release. Each kind of such nanocapsules has its own specific effect. Correct choices for materials and preparation methods can make a good clinical effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the choice, preparation methods and release mechanisms of nanocapsule materials. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Elsevier and Vip Chinese Periodical Database was performed for articles published between 2000 and 2010 both in Chinese and English. The search was conducted respectively with the key words of “drug delivery, nanocapsules, preparation methods, material choice, biodegradable material, chitosan, polyester material, release mechanism” in English and “drug delivery, nanocapsules, preparation methods, polymer bio biodegradable material, magnetic nanomaterials, chitosan, polyester material, release mechanism” in Chinese. Researches about basic study of drug nanocapsule system, biodegradable materials, and clinical application were included. Irrelevant or repetitive articles, non-complete or outdated studies were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional medication, drug nanocapsules can control the release of drugs and has good targeting and biocompatibility which localize drugs in nidus. It will play an important role in clinical treatment. However, it is still in primary study, so more studies should focus on the long clinical potency, allergic response and toxicity in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells Yu Song-lin, Han Bao-san, Du Zhi-yong, Wu Xu-bo, Wu Wei, Wang Jia-xiang, Huang Fang, Li Hong-wei, Shen Bo-yong, Peng Cheng-hong 2010, 14 (25):  4713-4716.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.038 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (298KB) ( 307 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell microencapsulation provides a new approach for a large scale, highly active in vitro culture and long-term preservation method of cells. Cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells is an important preservation method at present. Resuscitated cells become more and more applicable in clinical and basic researches. OBJECTIVE: To analyze researches related to cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells in recent years, and to summarize the development of technology on cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells. METHODS: Using “Microcapsules, Cryopreservation” in Chinese as the key words, CNKI (1979/2010) and VIP database (1989/2010) were retrieved. Using “Cryopreservation, Microencapsules” in English as the key words, PUBMED database (1979/2010) was retrieved. The retrieval languages are limited to Chinese and English respectively. Articles about cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells were included, excluding other forms of cryopreservation research. The index is the effect after the cryopreservation of a variety of microencapsulated cells. Totally 43 papers were screened out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of the bioartificial liver and other cell transplantation research, the requirements of the microencapsulated cells will significantly increase. The cryopreservation technology of microencapsulated cells has become one of key technologies on guaranteeing its smooth application. Currently, there are a lot of researches regarding the cryopreservation technology of microencapsulated cells, many studies show that the cell viability and biological function can maintain a good level after resuscitation of microencapsulated cells, but related mechanisms are not yet fully clarified, so as to have a need to optimize the various cryopreservation methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of oral alloy biocompatibility: Is cell culture method feasible and reliable? Wang Li-li, Liu Xue-zheng 2010, 14 (25):  4716-4708.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.036铸造合金；细胞毒性；生物相容性；细胞因子；口腔生物材料 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (295KB) ( 265 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of oral metal material in prosthodontics, the toxicity of organism is shown. Cell culture method is an effective method to check the toxicity, which is easy, with high degree of sensitivity, short time, high efficiency, and low cost. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biocompatibility of oral alloy evaluated by cell culture method. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Pubmed data base and CNKI was performed for related articles with the key words “casting alloy, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, cytokine” in English and Chinese. Articles recording the influence of oral metal material on cell bioactivity were included. The research of physical and chemical properties and mechanics of oral alloy was excluded. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The quantity of metal ion exceeding tolerance dose which release from gum may lead to toxicity of organism, and change cellular metabolism, ultimately resulting in cell damage in various degrees, such as cytoactivity, DNA/RNA protein synthesis, integrity of cytomembrane, as well as local immunology changed, even stopping cellular metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of preparation methods of hydroxyapatite/biopolymer composites Du Jiang-hua 2010, 14 (25):  4717-4720.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.039 Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (336KB) ( 631 )   Save BACKGROUND: The hydroxyapatite/biopolymer composites have attracted more attention since the composites can overcome the limitations of conventional bioceramic as bone substitutes such as brittleness and difficulty in shaping. OBJECTIVE: The current preparation methods of hydroxyapatite/biopolymer composites include mixing methods, in situ compositing, fiber reinforced compound method, bionic mineralization method, and so on, this study aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of the above described methods. METHODS: Using key words of “hydroxyapatite (HA), composites, preparation” in English and “hydroxyapatite, composite materials, preparation” in Chinese, a computer search was performed in Chinese Periodical Full-text Database (CNKI) and Elsevier database between January 1996 and December 2009, the literatures addressing hydroxyapatite/biopolymer composites were included, articles non-related to research aim and with repeated content were excluded. A total of 31 literatures were involved in further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the hydroxyapatite/biopolymer composites is still not fully able to meet the requirements for bone tissue engineering materials, thus needing further optimization for the preparation methods to reinforce the interface between hydroxyapatite and biopolymer, and to improve the mechanical and processing performance of composite materials; meanwhile, precise controlling the microstructure of the composite material structure similar to bone material structure may make the materials have excellent mechanical properties and biological properties to achieve the requirements of clinical use. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of intravascular stent surface modification on tunica intimal hyperplasia Liu Zhang-qi, Li Chun-liang 2010, 14 (25):  4721-4724.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.040 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF (315KB) ( 602 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of modified vascular stent materials on tunica intimal hyperplasia and their applications. METHODS: By using “vascular stents, surface modification, intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, biocompatibility” in Chinese and “biological vascular scaffold, surface modification, tunica intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, biocompatibility” in English as the keywords, a computer search was performed among articles published from January 2008 to April 2010. Articles related to the vascular stent materials and their modification were included, while duplicated research or Meta analysis were excluded. Thirty articles focus on the influence of stent material modification on the tunica intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. RESULTS: After stenting, the tunica intimal hyperplasia and restenosis have serious impact on its long-term effect. A large number of animal experiments and clinical analysis showed that the stent surface modification and carrying drug composite stent can be more effective than the naked stents to solve local chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and anti-coagulation problems, showing good safety and effectiveness in reducing the coronary artery restenosis. The development of biodegradable vascular tissue-engineered stents will become a new milestone. Vascular endothelial cells are the most crucial seed cells of vascular tissue engineering. Seed cells were implanted on the bio-absorbable stent materials in vitro, hopefully to repair traumatic lesions and reconstruct functions. CONCLUSION: The vascular stent surface modification is one of the effective methods for inhibiting intimal hyperplasia, preventing thrombosis and restenosis after stent implantation. Vascular tissue-engineered stents have broad development prospects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material type and treatment effect of coronary stents implantation Long Teng-he, Liao Ming-zhuang, Luo Huan-jiang, Dong Gang-zhi 2010, 14 (25):  4725-4728.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.041 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (369KB) ( 567 )   Save OBJECTIVE: Coronary stents include bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, biodegradable stents and new types of stents such as radioactive stents, vein-covered stents and gene stents. How to choose the appropriate stent to achieve the best therapeutic effect is the medical research focus. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical application of coronary stents, and to investigate the treatment effect of coronary stent implantation. METHODS: Using “coronary stents, bare metal stents, drug eluting stents, biodegradable stent, cardiovascular new stent, blood coagulation system, inflammatory response” in Chinese as the key words, a computer search was performed in Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI: 2002/2010). Meta analysis and reproducible study were excluded. A total of 27 articles were screened out, focusing on the coronary stent types, research progress and their biocompatibility, blood coagulation system changes after implantation of coronary stents, and inflammation reaction after coronary stents implantation. RESULTS:  ① No matter bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, biodegradable stents or new stents, the cardiovascular stents are modified in order to improve the biocompatibility and biomechanical properties. ② The biocompatibility of cardiovascular stents is a complex process, blood compatibility and tissue compatibility are two basic compositions for the assessment of the biocompatibility. ③ The mechanical properties of cardiovascular stents analyzed using finite element analysis can provide useful help for the optimal design. CONCLUSION: The present cardiovascular stents have not completely solved the biocompatible problem, an ideal cardiovascular stent deserves further development and research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors influencing clinical safety of drug-eluting stent Li Nian-xiu 2010, 14 (25):  4729-4732.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.042 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (340KB) ( 399 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To introduce clinical application of drug-eluting stent, and explore the safety and efficacy by analyzing stent, eluting material, and bioactive components. METHODS: With key words “drug-eluting stent, bare metal stent, restenosis” in Chinese and English, a computer-based online search was performed for articles published between January 1990 and October 2008. Articles related to comparison of safety between drug-eluting stent and bare metal stent were included. Repetitive studies or Meta analysis were excluded. Finally, 17 articles were selected, which discussed safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stent in clinical application. RESULTS: Currently used drug-eluting stent can be further improved to fit small vessels, furcation site and expanded PCI indications. Moreover, new coating and biomaterials, drug selection and eluting technique, methods to improve tunica intima healing at implant site are important. CONCLUSION: Modification of stent platform and development of novel stent become study hot spot. Long-term effect is significant for application of drug-eluting stent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dental adhesive type and dentin bonding strength Shi Xiao-ning, Fan Yu-hong, Shi Yong-wei, Li Chun-liang 2010, 14 (25):  4733-4736.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.043 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (300KB) ( 440 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference of various adhesives and dentin bonding strength, in order to provide a reference for the clinical practice. METHODS: A computer search was performed in VIP database for articles related to adhesives and dentin bond strength, retrieval time was between January 1998 and October 2009. Chinese keywords: adhesives; dentin; bond strength. After the first trial, the citations of each article were checked, a total of 22 literatures were selected. RESULTS: The dentin adhesive is used for dentin surface, it can enhance the retention of dental prosthetic restoration, and improve the closure of dentin wall. Cement-like material and resin material are commonly used in clinical materials for dental restoration. In recent years, they have achieved great development. Resin-based adhesives are superior to cement-like adhesives due to the advantages of high compressive strength, small solubility, low micro-leakage rate, small viscosity at harmonic state, high degree of body moisture, and good chemical bonding with the tooth structure. Resin-based adhesives show superior performance of bonding adhesion. Resin adhesives have been developed to 6-7 generations, characterized by single-bottle package, self-etching, without mixing, bonding strength maintained at 18-25 MPa. This type of resin adhesives can significantly improve the work efficiency of physicians and reduce the possibility of human error. CONCLUSION: There is no kind of adhesives or bonding method suitable for all dental restorations. An optimal bonding program should depend on the individual conditions of patients, medical conditions and physician controlled theoretical and practical knowledge. Moreover, with the rapid update of repair materials and increasing requirement to improve repair quality, bonding technology will continue to develop. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on different materials for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and tendon bone healing Zhou Yu-kun, Peng Hong-ling 2010, 14 (25):  4737-4740.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.044 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (354KB) ( 467 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors for clinical efficacy of autologous and allogenic materials to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament and tendon bone healing. METHODS: A computer search was performed on EMbase (1980-01/2010-01), MEDLINE (1966-01/2010-01), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (1978-01/2010-01) and Chinese Academic Periodicals Full-text Database (CNKI). The animal experiments were involved, clinical comparative study was analyzed using Review Manager 4.2 software. RESULTS: From 41 animal researches, 8 articles were selected. Results show that tendon bone healing achieved good results in all experimental groups, the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament had better biological and mechanical properties. From 53 clinical literatures, 7 comparative studies were selected. Meta analysis results showed that, autologous tissue reconstruction was superior to allogenic tissue reconstruction, without significant difference (P = 0.05). The RR value and 95% CI of 7 articles were respectively -4.70 (-10.14, 0.74), -3.00 (-6.55, 0.55), -1.60 (-4.81, 1.61), -1.80 (-5.24, 1.64), -1.00 (-3.45, 1.45), 0.80 (-1.85, 3.45) and -0.70 (-2.73, 1.33). The combined RR values and 95% CI were -1.10 (-2.18, -0.01). CONCLUSION: The tendon bone healing can be promoted by a variety of materials such as periosteum-coated, bone morphogenetic protein, osteoprotegerin, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bone induced calcium phosphate, and calcium phosphate. Allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can achieve similar clinical effect to autologous tissue and deserve further application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of cruciate ligament reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament Zeng Wei 2010, 14 (25):  4741-4744.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.045 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (461KB) ( 280 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical application progress of cruciate ligament reconstruction using LARS artificial ligament. METHODS: PubMed database (2001-01/2010-05) and CNKI database (2001-01/2010-05) were searched using “LARS, artificial ligament, cruciate ligament, reconstruction” in English and in Chinese as the keywords. The language was limited to English and Chinese. A total of 205 articles were firstly collected, and 20 related studies were analyzed. RESULTS: Currently used tissue engineered artificial ligament can be divided into natural and synthetic polymeric materials, including collagen, fibroin, lactic acid alcohol copolymer, and poly-L-lactic acid. These materials exhibit excellent biocompatibility, can promote cell adhesion, growth, secretion, and are gradually biodegradable. The major cause of injury of cruciate ligament is sports injury or traffic accident. In order to restore its function, surgical reconstruction is mainly adopted. The clinical results suggest that the reconstruction of cruciate ligament with LARS artificial ligament can accelerate rehabilitation and recover stabilization of knee joint, resulting in satisfactory functional recovery. CONCLUSION: The LARS artificial ligament leads to good and rapid reconstruction. It seems to be an ideal graft material and is an effective treatment for athletes to resume high physical activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility and orthopaedic applications of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy Li Qiang, Tang Ji-cun 2010, 14 (25):  4745-4750.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.046 Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (266KB) ( 579 )   Save BACKGROUND: In spite of some good successes of nickel-titanium alloy have been achieved in orthopaedic surgery, there are still serious limitations in clinical application, such as potential leakage of elements and ions, which could be toxic to cells, tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and the exiting problems of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy in orthopaedics and to provide theoretical supports for safe use of the alloy in clinical practice. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Springerlink and CNKI was performed for articles published between 2003 and 2010 both in Chinese and English. The search was conducted respectively with the key words of “nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA), biocompatibility, modifications, orthopaedics”. Researches regarding nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and its properties, clinical applications, corrosion performance, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance by surface/structure modifications and the long-term challenges were included. Irrelevant or repetitive articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy has special value in medical field due to favorable shape-memory and superelasticity. However, due to the nickel toxicity, it is of great importance to elevate corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium alloy. The modifications of the alloy are the main focus and direction for further research. Related Articles | Metrics